assisted And Unassisted reproductive technologies

Question 1

What is assisted reproductive technology

Answer 1

assisted reproductive technology are helpful in allowing for fertilisation when natural fertilisation can not occur

Question 2

what is IVF

Answer 2

during in vitro fertilisation uses hormonal treatments too stimulate ovaries so that multiple follicles too develop and to control ovulation blood tests are used to monitor the development of the follicles

• when the eggs are mature they are collected by a needle from the ovaries
• at 37° for you then mix with sperm and approximately 2 to 6 days after collection the embryo is inserted into the uterus through the cervix

Question 3

Define infertility

Answer 3

Being unable to achieve pregnancy despite frequent unprotected sex over the period of at least a year

Question 4

What are the causes for male infertility

Answer 4

• The male immune system may develop antibodies for their own sperm altering them reducing their effectiveness
• blockages may occur in with the male reproductive tract especially in the vas deferens which may stop sperm from leaving the testes
• oh moan imbalances can affect the sex drive and the production of sperm

Question 5

Causes a female and infertility

Answer 5

• after the ages of 36 the number of healthy eggs remaining decreases reducing the chance of pregnancy
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• menopause once a female has gone through menopause she will no longer be ovulating Utecht spirits metaphors before the age of 40 therefore able to get pregnant from this time
• endometriosis This affects 10% of women it is a painful condition where cells of the endometrium grow outside the uterus this causes a blockage in the uterine tubes blocking the eggs release from the uterus
• fibroids begin greatin the muscular part of the uterus they only affect it when you try and have a chance this can occur due to gonorrhoea or chlamydia and can cause ectopic Pregnancies

Question 6

What is unassisted fertilisation

Answer 6

Where infertility is treated so that the couple can still conceive naturally

Question 7

Explain how surgery can help prevent infertility

Answer 7

Microsurgery can be used to solve some problems of infertility blocked uterine tubes and sperm ducks can be opened and fibroids or endometriosis can be removed

Question 8

Explain ovulation tracking

Answer 8

Identifying the time when a female is most fertile through blood tests can be monitored so that the couple knows when they are most likely to conceive the highest chance of conception occurs prior to ovulation so a couple contract the ovulation to see when they’re most likely to conceive

Question 9

Explain ovulation induction

Answer 9

If problems of ovulation occur due to low levels of hormones this can be solved by medication used correct the problem this could be a follicle stimulating hormone to induce the development of Follicles clomiphene is the hormone used to stimulate FSH

Question 10

Explain the process of artificial insemination

Answer 10

Sperm is released into the uterus by a catheter from the uterus the sperm is able to naturally move through the train trips where they may fertilise and egg

Question 11

what is a gamete intrafallopian transfer

Answer 11

1. hormonal treatment is used to stimulate the woman to produce more that one egg
2. the sperm and egg are collected and analysed and the
3. the sperm and egg are mixed together in a laboratory
4. the sperm and egg can the hopefully naturally fertilise the egg and travel down the uterine tubes

Question 12

explain what surrogacy is

Answer 12

when another woman carries the child for the duration of the pregnancy and then gives the couple the child to raise as there own this can be done by artificial insemination or gestational surrogacy were the embryo is inserted in the surrogate

Question 13

explain sperm and ova donation

Answer 13

the donation of the sperm or the ova to archive pregnancy this can result this can be someone anonymous or known couple

Question 14

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Answer 14

very similar to IVF a suitable sperm is injected into the egg achieving fertilisation

Question 15

What factors may cause male infertility

Answer 15

• Low sperm count
• abnormal sperm
• abnormal mobility
• Semen travelling into the bladder rather than the urethra
• blockages in the male reproductive tract
• hormone imbalances

Question 16

What factors may cause female infertility

Answer 16

-lower number of healthy eggs
-age/ menopause
-polycystic ovarian syndrome where the ovaries contain many partially formed follicles that failed to mature meaning they are not released therefore meaning The egg cannot be fertilised
-endometriosis The cells of the endometrium grow outside of the uterus resulting in scar tissue forming on the train tubes causing blockages in the release of the egg
-fibroids forming on the uterus can often cause infertility if they begin to grow on the muscular part of the uterus causing blockages of the uterine tubes