contraception Flashcards
what is contraception
measures which prevent a woman from being pregnant
define abstinence are there any risks or side effects
not having sexual intercourse at all no risks or side effects involved
what is periodic abstinence
refraining from sexual intercourse the days that fertilisation is most likely (ovulation)
what are spermicides and foams
they work in two ways
- they contain substances that immobilise and destroy the sperm
- react with the moister in the vagina to form bubbles of carbon dioxide gas which presents as a physical barrier for the sperm
they are available in tablets aerosol foams and creams
what is the withdrawal method
removal off the penis before male orgasm so that ejaculation occurs outside of the vagina this is extremely unreliable and some sperm may still escape in per ejaculatory fluid
define what a natural contraception is
Natural family planning (or “fertility awareness”) is a method of contraception where a woman monitors and records different fertility signals during her menstrual cycle to work out when she’s likely to get pregnant.
define what a chemical contraception is
chemical contraceptive which create a barrier for sperm entering the top of vagina
define what a mechanical contraception is
Mechanical barriers are devices that provide a physical barrier between the sperm and the egg.
what are contraceptive pills and explain the combined pill and the mini pill
contraceptive pills; oral pill they are best known for there hormonal contraception and they are used due too there reliability and convenience
combined pill: contains substances similar to the two female hormones oestrogen and progesterone this prevents the the release off the mature egg from the ovary the cervical mucus also becomes thick making it difficult for sperm to travel in the vagina
mini pill: contains only progesterone this makes the cervical mucus thick sperm cannot enter the uterus it also changes the lining off the uterus making it difficult for the fertilised egg too implant.
what is a diaphragm (contraceptive) and cervical cap
a mechanical barrier used by women it is a thin rubber cap which fits across the top of the vagina it is inserted before intercourse used with jelly and cream (spermicide) for more effectiveness it should be left in the vagina 6 hours after intercourse
cervical cap is similar too a diaphragm but smaller its placed directly over the cervix should be inserted prior too intercourse and should be used with a spermicide
explain what a condom is
A very thin latex rubber which is rolled onto the erect penis just before intercourse this prevents semen from entering the vagina and preventing STIS like syphilis HIV/AIDS
explain what a femidom is
lubricated polyurethane sheath which lines the vagina at each end one side closed covering the cervix and the other is open and sits on the fold of skin on the entrance of the vagina it prevents against most STIS and is an effective contraceptive
what is an intrauterine device
otherwise known as an IUD they are small plastic devices often containing copper that are inserted in the uterus IUDS can be copper or hormonal
hormonal: releases progesterone and this works by making the endometrial lining thin and unsuitable to implant a fertilised egg the cervix will also produce thick mucus making it hard for sperm to travel
copper: inhibits movement of sperm and preventing them from moving through the uterus they also effect the endometrial lining stopping the egg from attaching too it
what is a Implanon
a soft plastic stick inserted beneath the skin which slowly delivers progesterone into the body and provides contraception for 3 years
explain what a Nuva ring is
placed in the vagina were it releases low doses of oestrogen and progesterone it is kept in for 3 weeks and taken out for one week this prevents ovulation and mucus in the cervix thickens so sperm cannot travel easily
