The Heart

Question 1

What are the three distinct layers of the walls of the heart?

Answer 1

the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium

Question 2

What is the epicardium?

Answer 2

the outermost layer of the wall of the heart that interacts with the pericardium and reduces friction

Question 3

What is the myocardium?

Answer 3

the thickest layer of the heart wall that is most commonly thought of when you imagine the walls of the heart

Question 4

What does the myocardium consist mostly of?

Answer 4

cardiac muscle that helps us pump blood out of the heart chambers

Question 5

What is the endocardium?

Answer 5

the innermost layer of the walls of the heart

Question 6

What is the endocardium made up of?

Answer 6

elastic tissue, blood vessels, and specialized cardiac muscle fibers

Question 7

What does the pericardium do?

Answer 7

encloses the heart but leaves the large blood vessels uncovered

Question 8

What is the right atrium?

Answer 8

the top right chamber of the heart that receives unoxygenated blood from the rest of the body

Question 9

What does the tricuspid valve possess?

Answer 9

three large projections called cusps

Question 10

Where does the tricuspid valve lie?

Answer 10

between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 11

What does the tricuspid valve do?

Answer 11

allows blood to flow between the right atrium and right ventricle, and prevents backflow when the right ventricle contracts

Question 12

What is the right ventricle?

Answer 12

the empty chamber of the heart on the lower right that receives unoxygenated blood from the right atrium

Question 13

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 13

contracts and sends the blood out of the heart and into pulmonary arteries so it may be oxygenated by the lungs

Question 14

Where does the pulmonary valve lie?

Answer 14

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 15

What does the pulmonary valve do?

Answer 15

it allows the blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and it prevents backflow

Question 16

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 16

it transports unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs so it can become oxygenated

Question 17

What do the pulmonary veins do?

Answer 17

carry newly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 18

What does the bicuspid/mitral valve do?

Answer 18

allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, prevents backflow

Question 19

What does the left atrium do?

Answer 19

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and passes it on to the left ventricle

Question 20

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 20

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the bicuspid valve

Question 21

What is the left ventricle responsible for?

Answer 21

pumping blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body via the aorta

Question 22

What cavity of the heart has the most muscle mass?

Answer 22

the left ventricle

Question 23

What does the aortic valve do?

Answer 23

opens up to allow oxygenated blood to leave the heart and enter the aorta, prevents backflow

Question 24

What is one of the biggest blood vessels in the body?

Answer 24

the aorta

Question 25

What is the aorta responsible for?

Answer 25

distributing blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 26

What does the aorta break down into?

Answer 26

smaller major arteries and goes to the rest of the body

Question 27

What do the first two branches of the aorta do?

Answer 27

supply blood to the tissues of the heart

Question 28

What happens when atria contract?

Answer 28

ventricles relax

Question 29

What is a heart contraction called?

Answer 29

systole

Question 30

What is a heart relaxation called?

Answer 30

diastole

Question 31

What does the heart contract in?

Answer 31

patterns

Question 32

What causes heart sounds?

Answer 32

vibrations that occur when valves are closed

Question 33

In lubb-dupp (your heartbeat), what is lubb?

Answer 33

the sound that occurs during ventricular contraction when the tricuspid and mitral valves close

Question 34

In lubb-dupp (your heartbeat), what is dupp?

Answer 34

the sound that occurs when the ventricles relax and the pulmonary and aortic valves close

Question 35

What are arteries?

Answer 35

strong elastic vessels that are used to carry blood away from the heart

Question 36

What does the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries allow the arteries to do?

Answer 36

vasoconstrict and vasodilate

Question 37

What happens during vasoconstriction?

Answer 37

the smooth muscle contracts and decreases the diameter of the artery

Question 38

What happens during vasodilation?

Answer 38

the smooth muscle relaxes and increases the diameter of the artery

Question 39

What are arterioles?

Answer 39

subdivisions if arteries that are finer/thinner and more branch-like

Question 40

What do veins do?

Answer 40

carry blood from the body back to the heart

Question 41

Is blood in veins oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 41

deoxygenated, which is why it has a purple tone to it

Question 42

What do veins possess?

Answer 42

flaps that block backflow from occurring

Question 43

In comparison to arteries, do veins have more or less muscle?

Answer 43

less, and they also have thinner walls

Question 44

What can the walls of veins do?

Answer 44

dialate and contract

Question 45

What are venules?

Answer 45

smaller portions of veins that connect them to capillaries

Question 46

What are capillaries?

Answer 46

the smallest diameter blood vessels

Question 47

What do capillaries do?

Answer 47

connect arterioles and venules

Question 48

What do the thin walls of capillaries do?

Answer 48

form semi permeable membranes so particles in the blood can be exchanged for those in the surrounding tissue

Question 49

What kind of tissue has many capillaries in it?

Answer 49

tissue that has a high metabolism and needs a lot of nutrients, such as muscle and nerve tissue