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Anatomy & Physiology > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three distinct layers of the walls of the heart?

A

the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium

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2
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

the outermost layer of the wall of the heart that interacts with the pericardium and reduces friction

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3
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

the thickest layer of the heart wall that is most commonly thought of when you imagine the walls of the heart

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4
Q

What does the myocardium consist mostly of?

A

cardiac muscle that helps us pump blood out of the heart chambers

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5
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

the innermost layer of the walls of the heart

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6
Q

What is the endocardium made up of?

A

elastic tissue, blood vessels, and specialized cardiac muscle fibers

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7
Q

What does the pericardium do?

A

encloses the heart but leaves the large blood vessels uncovered

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8
Q

What is the right atrium?

A

the top right chamber of the heart that receives unoxygenated blood from the rest of the body

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9
Q

What does the tricuspid valve possess?

A

three large projections called cusps

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10
Q

Where does the tricuspid valve lie?

A

between the right atrium and right ventricle

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11
Q

What does the tricuspid valve do?

A

allows blood to flow between the right atrium and right ventricle, and prevents backflow when the right ventricle contracts

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12
Q

What is the right ventricle?

A

the empty chamber of the heart on the lower right that receives unoxygenated blood from the right atrium

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13
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

contracts and sends the blood out of the heart and into pulmonary arteries so it may be oxygenated by the lungs

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14
Q

Where does the pulmonary valve lie?

A

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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15
Q

What does the pulmonary valve do?

A

it allows the blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and it prevents backflow

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16
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

it transports unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs so it can become oxygenated

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17
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do?

A

carry newly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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18
Q

What does the bicuspid/mitral valve do?

A

allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, prevents backflow

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19
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and passes it on to the left ventricle

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20
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the bicuspid valve

21
Q

What is the left ventricle responsible for?

A

pumping blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body via the aorta

22
Q

What cavity of the heart has the most muscle mass?

A

the left ventricle

23
Q

What does the aortic valve do?

A

opens up to allow oxygenated blood to leave the heart and enter the aorta, prevents backflow

24
Q

What is one of the biggest blood vessels in the body?

A

the aorta

25
Q

What is the aorta responsible for?

A

distributing blood from the heart to the rest of the body

26
Q

What does the aorta break down into?

A

smaller major arteries and goes to the rest of the body

27
Q

What do the first two branches of the aorta do?

A

supply blood to the tissues of the heart

28
Q

What happens when atria contract?

A

ventricles relax

29
Q

What is a heart contraction called?

A

systole

30
Q

What is a heart relaxation called?

A

diastole

31
Q

What does the heart contract in?

A

patterns

32
Q

What causes heart sounds?

A

vibrations that occur when valves are closed

33
Q

In lubb-dupp (your heartbeat), what is lubb?

A

the sound that occurs during ventricular contraction when the tricuspid and mitral valves close

34
Q

In lubb-dupp (your heartbeat), what is dupp?

A

the sound that occurs when the ventricles relax and the pulmonary and aortic valves close

35
Q

What are arteries?

A

strong elastic vessels that are used to carry blood away from the heart

36
Q

What does the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries allow the arteries to do?

A

vasoconstrict and vasodilate

37
Q

What happens during vasoconstriction?

A

the smooth muscle contracts and decreases the diameter of the artery

38
Q

What happens during vasodilation?

A

the smooth muscle relaxes and increases the diameter of the artery

39
Q

What are arterioles?

A

subdivisions if arteries that are finer/thinner and more branch-like

40
Q

What do veins do?

A

carry blood from the body back to the heart

41
Q

Is blood in veins oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

deoxygenated, which is why it has a purple tone to it

42
Q

What do veins possess?

A

flaps that block backflow from occurring

43
Q

In comparison to arteries, do veins have more or less muscle?

A

less, and they also have thinner walls

44
Q

What can the walls of veins do?

A

dialate and contract

45
Q

What are venules?

A

smaller portions of veins that connect them to capillaries

46
Q

What are capillaries?

A

the smallest diameter blood vessels

47
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

connect arterioles and venules

48
Q

What do the thin walls of capillaries do?

A

form semi permeable membranes so particles in the blood can be exchanged for those in the surrounding tissue

49
Q

What kind of tissue has many capillaries in it?

A

tissue that has a high metabolism and needs a lot of nutrients, such as muscle and nerve tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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