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bwhs-world history > the giant annoying chapter of 10 (10.1-10.5) > Flashcards

the giant annoying chapter of 10 (10.1-10.5) Flashcards

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1
Q

Capital (vocab term)

A

money :/

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2
Q

entreprenuer

A

someone who organizes a business

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3
Q

cottage industry

A

two step process of making cloth

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4
Q

puddling

A

burning away impurities in iron

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5
Q

industrial capitalism

A

economic system based on industrial production

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6
Q

socialism

A

society owns/controls part of a production

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7
Q

James Hargreaves

A

invented the Spinning Jenny, which made the spinning process much faster

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8
Q

Edmund Cartwright

A

invented the water-powered loom made the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread

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9
Q

James Watt

A

invented the steam engine; enabled the engine to drive machinery

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10
Q

Henry Cort

A

invented puddling process

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11
Q

Richard Threvifick

A

built the first steam locomotive; ran on a rail line in Britain and transported ore and people

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12
Q

Robert Fulton

A

steamboating

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13
Q

Karl Marx

A

his followers believed to polarize the gap between the owners of the means of production and the workers even more

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14
Q

Robert Owen

A

transformed the squalid factory town of New Lanark into a flourishing community

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15
Q

How did industrial revolution begin in Britain

A

agricultural revolution, growth of population from a food increase, supply of capital to forfeit into machines, plentiful natural resources, supply of markets gave manufacturers an outlet for their goods

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16
Q

evolution of cloth

A

many new machines improved the speed of production of cloth

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17
Q

factory system

A

created a new labor system. factory owners preferred to constantly use their machines so that extended the workers’ shifts

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18
Q

railroads

A

created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants. less expensive transportation led to lower-priced goods, thus creating larger markets

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19
Q

spread of industrialization

A

industrialization spread to europe at different times and different speeds. france was slower and had little coal. heavy mechanism in britain and rich in iron and coal. unification of german state led to rapid industrial growth. in the US a lot of citizens were farmers

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20
Q

New social classes

A

middle class was made up of the people who buit the factories, bought the machines, and developed the markets

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21
Q

working conditions

A

steam-powered engines were the cause of bad working conditions. cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes were a way of life. deformed bodies and ruined lungs. cotton mills were worse, as they were dirty, dusty, and unhealthy.

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22
Q

universal male suffrage

A

all adult men could vote

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23
Q

multinational empire

A

collection of different peoples, such as germans, czechs, magyars, slovaks

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24
Q

Charles X

A

reactionary who attempted to censor the press and take away voting rights from middle class

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25
Q

Louis-Phillipe

A

cousin of charles x who took the throne after he was overthrown

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26
Q

louis-napoleon III

A

won a victory for president

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27
Q

causes of revolutions of 1830s

A

liberalism and nationalism

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28
Q

effects of revolutions of 1830s

A

overthrow of charles x, revolutions of belgium, poland, italy, and russia

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29
Q

causes of revolutions of 1848

A

liberalism, nationalism, conservative order still dominated much of europe

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30
Q

effects of revolutions of 1848

A

growth of opposition

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31
Q

failure of 1848

A

monarchy was overthrown, a group of moderate republicans set up a temporary government

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32
Q

militarism

A

reliance on military strength

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33
Q

kaiser

A

emperor

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34
Q

plebliscite

A

popular vote

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35
Q

emancipation

A

edit which freed the serfs

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36
Q

abolitionism

A

movement to end slavery

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37
Q

Victor emmanuel II

A

ruler of the island piedmont

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38
Q

Cavour

A

pursued a policy of high economic growth in order to equip a large army; made an alliance with napoleon

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39
Q

louis-napoleon

A

alliance with cavour gave nice and savoy to the french

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40
Q

gisueppe garbaldi

A

italian leader who raised an army of one thousand volunteers. garbaldis forces landed in sicily and controlled most of the island

41
Q

crimean war

A

the result of the long-term struggle between russia and ottoman empire, when the ottoman empire had long controlled most of the balkans in southeast europe. this effect was to destroy the concert of europe

42
Q

the red shirts (italian unification)

A

patriots who followed gisueppe during his campaigns

43
Q

italian alliances (italian unification)

A

the king supported cavour’s idea of an alliance with france

44
Q

kingdom of the piedmont

A

the island of sardinia, nice, and savoy, ruled by the royal house of savoy

45
Q

kingdom of the two sicilies

A

sicily and naples; a revolt broke out in italy against the king; garbaldi’s forces marched over and the entire kingdom of the two sicilies fell

46
Q

frankfurt assembly

A

failed to achieve german unification in 1848

47
Q

prussia (german unification)

A

prussia had become a strong, prosperous, authoritarian state; prussian king had firmcontrol over the government and army; militarism

48
Q

realpolotik

A

the “politics of reality”, politics based on practical manners rather than ethics

49
Q

Danish war (in bismark)

A

prussia gained control of the duchies of schelswig, then the austrians were defeated in war

50
Q

Astro-prussian

A

Astro-prussian - prussia organized the german states north into the main river into the North german confederation; the southern german states feared prussia and france; they agreed to sign military alliances with prussia for protection from france

51
Q

franco-prussian war

A

prussia and france became embroiled in a dispute over the candidacy of a relative of a prussian king for the throne of spain

52
Q

second german empire

A

william I of prussia was emperor; southern german states agreed to enter the north german confederation

53
Q

british avoidance of political upheavals

A

Parliament passed a bill that increased the number of male voters. The new voters were chiefly members of the industrial middle class. By giving the industrial middle class an interest in ruling, britain avoided revolution in 1848

54
Q

second french empire

A

Four years after his election as president, Louis-Napoleon returned to the people to ask for restoration of the empire; he assumed the title of emperor napoleon III; authoritarian government

55
Q

austrian empire - compromise of 1867

A

Dual monarchy of austria-hungary; each of the two components of the empire now had its own constitution, legislature, government bureaucracy, and capital.

56
Q

industrialization

A

russia was rural, agricultural, and autocratic

57
Q

Alexander II’s reforms

A

emancipation edict; government provided land for the peasants

58
Q

abolitionism

A

movement to end slavery; challenged southern way of life

59
Q

creole

A

descendant of europeans who had settled permanently in latin america

60
Q

peninsulare

A

spanish and portugese officials who resented temporarily in latin america for political/economic gain

61
Q

mestizo

A

people of mixed european and native descent

62
Q

caudillo

A

strong leaders who ruled chiefly by military force

63
Q

cash crops

A

crops you grow for export

64
Q

toussaint-louveture

A

led 1000000+ enslaved people in revolt

65
Q

hidalgo

A

parish priest; roused local native americans and mestizos to free themselves from the spanish; led army of them in attack against spanish

66
Q

iturbide

A

creole military leader who set up a new government; named himself emperor

67
Q

bolivar

A

began struggle for venezuelan independence

68
Q

san martin

A

liberated argentina from spanish authority; led his forces to attack the spanish in chile

69
Q

monroe

A

president of the us; declared that the americas were off limits were off limits for any colonizational efforts

70
Q

lopez de santa anna

A

ruled mexico from 1833-55; misused state funds, halted reforms, created chaos

71
Q

juarez

A

brought liberal reforms to mexico (separation of church and state/land distribution)

72
Q

manuel de rosas

A

brought about radical change

73
Q

haiti revolt

A

the revolting enslaved people seized control of all hispaniola; be came first independent state in latin america

74
Q

revolt in mexico

A

Hidalgo’s forces were crushed; NA’s and mestizos cooperated in defeating the revolutionary forces; creoles and peninsulares decided to overthrow spanish rule; augustin de iturbide was selected military leader

75
Q

revolt in argentina

A

San martin and bolivar; soldiers in san martin’s forces suffered from lack of oxygen and severe cold; forces were badly defeated at the battle of chacabuco and chile declared its independence; san martin and bolivar teamed up and bolivar took on the task of crushing the last significant spanish army at ayacucho

76
Q

revolt in venezuela

A

many states in South america became free and divided into five republics; central american states had become independent in 1823

77
Q

threats to independence

A

members of the concert of europe favored using his troops to restore spanish control in latin america, britain disagreed and proposed joint action with the US against any european moves against latin america

78
Q

issues after independence

A

britain dominated the latin america economy; population had no land to grow crops; poverty

79
Q

romanticism

A

emphasis of feelings, emotions, and imagination

80
Q

secularization

A

indifference or rejection of religion in the affairs of the world

81
Q

natural selection

A

some organisms born with variations or differences that make them more adaptable to their environment than other organisms

82
Q

realism

A

the belief that the world should be viewed realistically

83
Q

Delacroix

A

his paintings showed a fascination with the exotic and a passion of color

84
Q

beethoven

A

his song “third symphony” embodied the elements of romanticism with powerful melodies that created dramatic intensities

85
Q

sir walter scott

A

writer whose book told of clashes between knights in midieval england

86
Q

mary shelley

A

gothic literature, book frankenstein

87
Q

wordsworth blake

A

english romantic poet of nature; experience of nature was almost mystical

88
Q

pasteur

A

proposed the germ theory of disease

89
Q

mendeleyev

A

classified all materials then known on the basis of their atomic weight

90
Q

faraday

A

put together a primitive generator that laid the foundation of the use of the electric current

91
Q

darwin

A

idea that humans are material beings who are part of the natural world

92
Q

flaubert

A

perfected the realist model

93
Q

charles dickens

A

novels showed the realities of life in the lower classes in the early industrial age

94
Q

courbet

A

his paintings portrayed scenes of everyday life and his subjects were peasants and factory workers

95
Q

romanticism movement

A

Romanticism emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment. Art was secular and graceful, music was classical and melodic. Literature was mystical. Romanticism inspired others to create things that reflected inner feelings.

96
Q

pasteurization

A

using heat to prevent the growth of microorganisms in perishable liquids such as milk

97
Q

periodic table

A

a chart with all the known chemical elements

98
Q

realism movement

A

literary realists rejected romanticism; realism became dominant in litetratue and art

bwhs-world history (9 decks)

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