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bwhs-world history (NO!) > the giant annoying chapter of 10 (10.1-10.5) > Flashcards

the giant annoying chapter of 10 (10.1-10.5) Flashcards

1
Q

Capital (vocab term)

A

money :/

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2
Q

entreprenuer

A

someone who organizes a business

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3
Q

cottage industry

A

two step process of making cloth

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4
Q

puddling

A

burning away impurities in iron

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5
Q

industrial capitalism

A

economic system based on industrial production

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6
Q

socialism

A

society owns/controls part of a production

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7
Q

James Hargreaves

A

invented the Spinning Jenny, which made the spinning process much faster

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8
Q

Edmund Cartwright

A

invented the water-powered loom made the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread

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9
Q

James Watt

A

invented the steam engine; enabled the engine to drive machinery

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10
Q

Henry Cort

A

invented puddling process

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11
Q

Richard Threvifick

A

built the first steam locomotive; ran on a rail line in Britain and transported ore and people

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12
Q

Robert Fulton

A

steamboating

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13
Q

Karl Marx

A

his followers believed to polarize the gap between the owners of the means of production and the workers even more

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14
Q

Robert Owen

A

transformed the squalid factory town of New Lanark into a flourishing community

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15
Q

How did industrial revolution begin in Britain

A

agricultural revolution, growth of population from a food increase, supply of capital to forfeit into machines, plentiful natural resources, supply of markets gave manufacturers an outlet for their goods

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16
Q

evolution of cloth

A

many new machines improved the speed of production of cloth

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17
Q

factory system

A

created a new labor system. factory owners preferred to constantly use their machines so that extended the workers’ shifts

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18
Q

railroads

A

created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants. less expensive transportation led to lower-priced goods, thus creating larger markets

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19
Q

spread of industrialization

A

industrialization spread to europe at different times and different speeds. france was slower and had little coal. heavy mechanism in britain and rich in iron and coal. unification of german state led to rapid industrial growth. in the US a lot of citizens were farmers

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20
Q

New social classes

A

middle class was made up of the people who buit the factories, bought the machines, and developed the markets

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21
Q

working conditions

A

steam-powered engines were the cause of bad working conditions. cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes were a way of life. deformed bodies and ruined lungs. cotton mills were worse, as they were dirty, dusty, and unhealthy.

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22
Q

universal male suffrage

A

all adult men could vote

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23
Q

multinational empire

A

collection of different peoples, such as germans, czechs, magyars, slovaks

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24
Q

Charles X

A

reactionary who attempted to censor the press and take away voting rights from middle class

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25
Louis-Phillipe
cousin of charles x who took the throne after he was overthrown
26
louis-napoleon III
won a victory for president
27
causes of revolutions of 1830s
liberalism and nationalism
28
effects of revolutions of 1830s
overthrow of charles x, revolutions of belgium, poland, italy, and russia
29
causes of revolutions of 1848
liberalism, nationalism, conservative order still dominated much of europe
30
effects of revolutions of 1848
growth of opposition
31
failure of 1848
monarchy was overthrown, a group of moderate republicans set up a temporary government
32
militarism
reliance on military strength
33
kaiser
emperor
34
plebliscite
popular vote
35
emancipation
edit which freed the serfs
36
abolitionism
movement to end slavery
37
Victor emmanuel II
ruler of the island piedmont
38
Cavour
pursued a policy of high economic growth in order to equip a large army; made an alliance with napoleon
39
louis-napoleon
alliance with cavour gave nice and savoy to the french
40
gisueppe garbaldi
italian leader who raised an army of one thousand volunteers. garbaldis forces landed in sicily and controlled most of the island
41
crimean war
the result of the long-term struggle between russia and ottoman empire, when the ottoman empire had long controlled most of the balkans in southeast europe. this effect was to destroy the concert of europe
42
the red shirts (italian unification)
patriots who followed gisueppe during his campaigns
43
italian alliances (italian unification)
the king supported cavour's idea of an alliance with france
44
kingdom of the piedmont
the island of sardinia, nice, and savoy, ruled by the royal house of savoy
45
kingdom of the two sicilies
sicily and naples; a revolt broke out in italy against the king; garbaldi's forces marched over and the entire kingdom of the two sicilies fell
46
frankfurt assembly
failed to achieve german unification in 1848
47
prussia (german unification)
prussia had become a strong, prosperous, authoritarian state; prussian king had firmcontrol over the government and army; militarism
48
realpolotik
the "politics of reality", politics based on practical manners rather than ethics
49
Danish war (in bismark)
prussia gained control of the duchies of schelswig, then the austrians were defeated in war
50
Astro-prussian
Astro-prussian - prussia organized the german states north into the main river into the North german confederation; the southern german states feared prussia and france; they agreed to sign military alliances with prussia for protection from france
51
franco-prussian war
prussia and france became embroiled in a dispute over the candidacy of a relative of a prussian king for the throne of spain
52
second german empire
william I of prussia was emperor; southern german states agreed to enter the north german confederation
53
british avoidance of political upheavals
Parliament passed a bill that increased the number of male voters. The new voters were chiefly members of the industrial middle class. By giving the industrial middle class an interest in ruling, britain avoided revolution in 1848
54
second french empire
Four years after his election as president, Louis-Napoleon returned to the people to ask for restoration of the empire; he assumed the title of emperor napoleon III; authoritarian government
55
austrian empire - compromise of 1867
Dual monarchy of austria-hungary; each of the two components of the empire now had its own constitution, legislature, government bureaucracy, and capital.
56
industrialization
russia was rural, agricultural, and autocratic
57
Alexander II's reforms
emancipation edict; government provided land for the peasants
58
abolitionism
movement to end slavery; challenged southern way of life
59
creole
descendant of europeans who had settled permanently in latin america
60
peninsulare
spanish and portugese officials who resented temporarily in latin america for political/economic gain
61
mestizo
people of mixed european and native descent
62
caudillo
strong leaders who ruled chiefly by military force
63
cash crops
crops you grow for export
64
toussaint-louveture
led 1000000+ enslaved people in revolt
65
hidalgo
parish priest; roused local native americans and mestizos to free themselves from the spanish; led army of them in attack against spanish
66
iturbide
creole military leader who set up a new government; named himself emperor
67
bolivar
began struggle for venezuelan independence
68
san martin
liberated argentina from spanish authority; led his forces to attack the spanish in chile
69
monroe
president of the us; declared that the americas were off limits were off limits for any colonizational efforts
70
lopez de santa anna
ruled mexico from 1833-55; misused state funds, halted reforms, created chaos
71
juarez
brought liberal reforms to mexico (separation of church and state/land distribution)
72
manuel de rosas
brought about radical change
73
haiti revolt
the revolting enslaved people seized control of all hispaniola; be came first independent state in latin america
74
revolt in mexico
Hidalgo’s forces were crushed; NA’s and mestizos cooperated in defeating the revolutionary forces; creoles and peninsulares decided to overthrow spanish rule; augustin de iturbide was selected military leader
75
revolt in argentina
San martin and bolivar; soldiers in san martin’s forces suffered from lack of oxygen and severe cold; forces were badly defeated at the battle of chacabuco and chile declared its independence; san martin and bolivar teamed up and bolivar took on the task of crushing the last significant spanish army at ayacucho
76
revolt in venezuela
many states in South america became free and divided into five republics; central american states had become independent in 1823
77
threats to independence
members of the concert of europe favored using his troops to restore spanish control in latin america, britain disagreed and proposed joint action with the US against any european moves against latin america
78
issues after independence
britain dominated the latin america economy; population had no land to grow crops; poverty
79
romanticism
emphasis of feelings, emotions, and imagination
80
secularization
indifference or rejection of religion in the affairs of the world
81
natural selection
some organisms born with variations or differences that make them more adaptable to their environment than other organisms
82
realism
the belief that the world should be viewed realistically
83
Delacroix
his paintings showed a fascination with the exotic and a passion of color
84
beethoven
his song "third symphony" embodied the elements of romanticism with powerful melodies that created dramatic intensities
85
sir walter scott
writer whose book told of clashes between knights in midieval england
86
mary shelley
gothic literature, book frankenstein
87
wordsworth blake
english romantic poet of nature; experience of nature was almost mystical
88
pasteur
proposed the germ theory of disease
89
mendeleyev
classified all materials then known on the basis of their atomic weight
90
faraday
put together a primitive generator that laid the foundation of the use of the electric current
91
darwin
idea that humans are material beings who are part of the natural world
92
flaubert
perfected the realist model
93
charles dickens
novels showed the realities of life in the lower classes in the early industrial age
94
courbet
his paintings portrayed scenes of everyday life and his subjects were peasants and factory workers
95
romanticism movement
Romanticism emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment. Art was secular and graceful, music was classical and melodic. Literature was mystical. Romanticism inspired others to create things that reflected inner feelings.
96
pasteurization
using heat to prevent the growth of microorganisms in perishable liquids such as milk
97
periodic table
a chart with all the known chemical elements
98
realism movement
literary realists rejected romanticism; realism became dominant in litetratue and art

bwhs-world history (NO!) (34 decks)

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