chapter 11 (11.1-11.2) Flashcards
the industrial revolution started by…
the bessemer process and electricity
thomas edison
invented the lightbulb
alexander bell
invention of the telephone
marconi
radio waves
internal-combustion
an engine that makes energy by burning fuel; used with airplanes and automobiles
two hostile camps
bourgeoisie oppressors and the working-class proletriat
marxists believed capitalism could be defeated only by…
violent revolution
what did workers do to improve their working conditions
they organized a union
industrial life recognized…
housing and santitation
improvements in housing came through:
building regulations requiring running water and a drainage system
improvements in water came from
aqueducts, tunnels, reservoirs, heaters, and sewage treatment systems
how much of the population did the europe elite make up, and how much of the wealth did they control?
they made up 5%, but controlled 30-40%
upper-middle class
industrialists and bankers
middle class
lawyers, doctors, accountants
lower-middle class
traders and prosperous farmers
women found jobs such as
health, education, and social services
feminism
equality was a natural right for women as well as men
Emmelie Pankhurst
demonstrated for the right to vote
public education
developed a trained workforce and instilled patriotism
second industrial revolution produced mass leisure such as
amusement parks and team sports
three signs of expanding democracy
universal male suffrage, prime minister was responsible to the legislative body, mass political parties
liberals/conservative party
reform acts
labour party
voted for social reforms
third republic party
republican constitution
what led to the creation of Duma in russia
Nicholas II was forced to grant civil liberties/create Duma
how did the shift from farm-based econom to an industrial one change the united states
american iron and steel production was plentiful, industrialization led to urbanization, the us had 3 cities with large populations
what was the result of the us victory in the spanish-american war
the united states aquired the former spanish possessions of puerto rico, guam, and the philippines
what led to the alliance of great britain, france, and russia? who were they against
german policies caused the british to draw closer to france, and they were against austria-hungary and italy
what helped push europe close to war by the beginning of 1914
the two wars between the balkan states in 1912 and 1913 created more tensions among the great powers
how did industrialization cause political and social changes in europe and the united states during thiss period
there was a lot of government change with parties; lots of argument, alliances, and wars broke out
impressionism
a movement where artists rejected indoor studios
postimpressionism
movement that artists should paint what they feel
how did postimpressionsim lead to other styles of painting
artists were no longer convinced that their main goal was to represent reality
marie curie
discovered that an element gave off energy tht came from within the atom
albert einstein’s theory of reality
space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer
Sugmund Freud
a doctor who proposed theories reguarding the nature of the human mind
social darwinsim
the radical beleif that darwin’s theory of natural selection could be applied to modern human societies
how did nationalists use social darwinism
they said that nations were engaged in a “struggle for existence” in which only the fittest nations would survive
how did anti-semitism give rise to zionism in the late 1800’s
anti-semitism made the jews escape persecution, immigrating to palestine
