The enlightenment/age of reason Flashcards
fredrick william I
doubled the size of prussia’s army; made primary education mandatory for all citizens
fredrick william II (fred the great)
enlarged the size of prussia’s army; abolished torture; opposed serfdom; supported religious tolerance
maria theresa
centralized/strengthened the state; legitimacy was questioned during the war of succession
joseph II
provided free food/medicine for the poor; granted religious tolerance to protestants/jews; freedom of press; eliminated death penalty; alienated catholic church
peter III (peter the great)
formed alliance with prussia; withdrew russia from the 7 years war
catherine II (the great)
great enlightenment ideas, but never actually happened; wanted to free serfs, didnt happen; created new law code and constitution that would recognize the principle of equality
where did enlightenment ideas spread?
prussia, russia, austria, and more
despots:
the absolute monarchs who ruled according to the principle of enlightenment
how was the seven years war carried out?
when Charles VI died, his daughter maria theresa took the throne. king fredrick II invaded austria while there were questions of legitimacy.
John locke
He argued that every person was born with a blank mind; people were molded by experiences from their senses; we shouldn’t have a dictatorship
Newton
bellieved that the world was like a machine and God was turning it
Montesquieu
french noble; famous work “spirit of the laws” was a study of governments; english government had 3 branches
volitaire
his writings brought him fame/wealth; criticized christianity; belief in religious toleration
diderot
became a writer; encyclopedia was a 28 chapter weapon against the french society; religious toleration
lazzies faire
let people do what they want
adam smih
he gave the government 3 rules: protect society from invasion, government should defend citizens from injustice, and keep up certain public works that private individuals could not afford
jean jaques rosseaw
social contract
mary wallstonecraft
founder of modern european/american movements for women’s rights
reading:
books were important; development of magazines and newspapers; coffeehouses; salons were drawing rooms of wealthy upper class
John Wesley
methodist; sermens caused people to have conversion experiences
architecture/art
bathasar newman; new art syle of rococo; secular art that emphasized grace/charm/gentle action
music
joseph haydn and mozart; mozart was a child prodigy; haydn was musical director
