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711 Kinesiology > the gait cycle > Flashcards

the gait cycle Flashcards

1
Q

one stride is

A

same heel strike to the next heel strike (right to right heel strike)

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2
Q

one step is

A

one heel strike to other heel strike (right heel strike to left heel strike)

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3
Q

Traditional terminology

A
  • heel strike (ground contact)
  • foot flat
  • midstance
  • heel off
  • toe off
  • swing
  • heel strike
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4
Q

Rancho Los Amigos

A
  • initial contact
  • opposite toe off
  • heel rise
  • opposite initial contact
  • toe off
  • foot adjacent
  • tibia vertical
    -next initial contact
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5
Q

percentage of phases

A

60% stance phase and 40% swing phase

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6
Q

heel strike =

A

initial contact

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7
Q

foot flat =

A

end of loading phase

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8
Q

midstance =

A

midstance

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9
Q

heel off =

A

beginning of terminal stance

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10
Q

toe off =

A

end of pre-swing

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11
Q

single limb support about what perfect of the Tim on each limb

A

40%

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12
Q

double limb support twice during the gait cycle and makes up what percent of the total cycle?

both limb on the floor from 10 to 30 and 50 to 60

A

20%

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13
Q

stride

A

full cycle form initial contact to initial contact of same leg

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14
Q

step is

A

half a cycle (R IC to L IC)

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15
Q

length

A

distance of a stride or step

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16
Q

width

A

medial to lateral distance between center or R heel and center of L heel at initial contact

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17
Q

angle

A

toe out angle (typically) – too many toes sign

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18
Q

cadence

A

steps/stride per min

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19
Q

speed may be best indicator of ____ _____

A

walking ability

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20
Q

true or false: speed is also used as a treatment

A

true

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21
Q

increase speed by

A

longer stride (distance)

or increased cadence

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22
Q

dcriptors of gait

A
  • spatial (distance)
  • temporal (time)
  • spatiotemporal (speed =d/t)
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23
Q

spatial descriptors

A

width, length, angle

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24
Q

temporal descriptors

A

cadence, stride time, step time

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25
Q

spatial temporal descriptors

A

walking speed (m/s)

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26
Q

kinetic energy is highest during

A

initial contact and opposite initial contact

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27
Q

potential energy is highest at

A

midstance and swing phase

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28
Q

how do you optimize energy expenditure of ambulation

A

optimize movement of COM

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29
Q

greatest walkings peed efficiency is at

A

3mph

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30
Q

sagittal ankle rotation: both ends of stance base

A

protruding calcareous at beginning and plantar flexion at end - functional lengthening - reduces doward displacement of COM

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31
Q

GRF is greatest at

A

heel strike

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32
Q

GRF is is lowest at

A

push off

33
Q

GRF creates torque around joints

A

vertical
mediolateral
anteroposterior

34
Q

GRF creates ____ torques

A

external

35
Q

Muscles create _____ torques

A

internal

36
Q

pelvis: posterior tilt

A

initial contact to midstance - flexion

37
Q

pelvis: anterior tilt

A

terminal strange/heel off - extension

38
Q

hip peak points

A

10 hypertext to 30 flexion - initial contact and terminal swing

39
Q

knee peak points

A

midstance (foot flat) and swing phase

40
Q

ankle peak piont

A

initial contact - PF 5%
Toe off - DF 50% (allowing to adapt to terrain)

41
Q

functional ROMs:
- anterior and posterior tilt
- hip
- knee
- ankle
- MTP

A
  • 2-4 deg
  • 10-0-30
  • 5-60
  • 10-0-20
    -45-55 ext
42
Q

frontal plane: pelvic

A

pelvis rotate in the formal according to which leg stance

43
Q

frontal plane: hip

A

causes slight and/add at the hip

44
Q

ankle motion in frontal plane

A

initial contact - inversion
- everts quacking during loading response

45
Q

when opposite side of the pelvis is rotating forward to face toward the stance limb this creates

A

internal rotation of the stance hip

46
Q

when opposite side of the pelvis is rotating backward to face away from the stance limb, this creates

A

external rotation of the stance hip

47
Q

Horizontal plane - hip starts at

A

ER at initial contact and begin during opposite foot flat (toe off)

48
Q

trunk rotates toward the stance limb in the

A

horizontal plane

49
Q

erector spine

A

eccentric to control forward trunk

50
Q

rectus abdominis

A

stablize (isometic0

51
Q

glute max

A

eccentric to decelerate thigh - concentric to initia hip extensors

52
Q

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartoris

A

eccentric to control hip extensor - concentric to initiate swing

53
Q

hip abductors (med, min, tfl)

A

active during single lim - support hip adductors

54
Q

hip adductors

A

active in early stance phase to stabilize hip and to help with hip extensor: second burst likely to assist hip flexion

55
Q
A
56
Q

knee extensors

A
  • eccentric to absorb load
  • concentric to lift body
57
Q

hamstrings

A

active before IC
- eccentric for deceleration
- concentric to initiate hip extension

58
Q
A
59
Q

dorsiflexors

A

eccentric to decelerate PF ‘- concentric to early swing to clear toes off the ground

60
Q

plantarflexors

A

eccentric in early stance to control forward momentum of tibia

61
Q

posterior tibialis

A
  • eccentrically decelerates foot pronation in early stance
  • concentric in late stance to supinate foot
62
Q

fibulas muscle

A

counteract posterior tibialis to control portion during stance phase - longus holds 1st ray in contact with ground

63
Q

intrinsics

A
  • concentric to lift arch- eccentric to stabilize foot for supination
64
Q

running phase percentage

A

40 stance
60 swing
- decreases with increasing speed

65
Q

steps width decreases as speed

A

increases

66
Q

COM - walking lowest point

A

double limb stance

67
Q

COM - running highest point

A

mid float

68
Q

COM - running lowest point

A

midstance

69
Q

running sagittal kinematics ROM-
- Hip

A

slimly more flexed than in walking

70
Q

running sagittal kinematics ROM-
- Knee

A

most flexion during swing to decrease mass moment of inertia

71
Q

running sagittal kinematics ROM-
- Pelvis

A

always in an anterior titled position - 15-20 deg

72
Q

running sagittal kinematics ROM-
- ankle

A

0-5 DF at initial contact to a max of 30 degree at midstance

73
Q

running frontal kinematics ROM- pelvis

A

contralateral pelvis drop at foot like x 2

74
Q

running frontal kinematics ROM- hip

A

adduction up to 8-10 deg at midstance and increase with velocity

75
Q

GRF highest in walking or running

A

running

76
Q

2.5x BW at the end of

A

loading resposnee

77
Q

1.5x BW after

A

initial contact

78
Q

Anterior posterior GRF - 1half of stance

A

directed psotierloy so called braking impulse

79
Q
A

711 Kinesiology (11 decks)

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