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711 Kinesiology > the gait cycle > Flashcards

the gait cycle Flashcards

1
Q

one stride is

A

same heel strike to the next heel strike (right to right heel strike)

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2
Q

one step is

A

one heel strike to other heel strike (right heel strike to left heel strike)

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3
Q

Traditional terminology

A
  • heel strike (ground contact)
  • foot flat
  • midstance
  • heel off
  • toe off
  • swing
  • heel strike
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4
Q

Rancho Los Amigos

A
  • initial contact
  • opposite toe off
  • heel rise
  • opposite initial contact
  • toe off
  • foot adjacent
  • tibia vertical
    -next initial contact
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5
Q

percentage of phases

A

60% stance phase and 40% swing phase

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6
Q

heel strike =

A

initial contact

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7
Q

foot flat =

A

end of loading phase

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8
Q

midstance =

A

midstance

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9
Q

heel off =

A

beginning of terminal stance

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10
Q

toe off =

A

end of pre-swing

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11
Q

single limb support about what perfect of the Tim on each limb

A

40%

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12
Q

double limb support twice during the gait cycle and makes up what percent of the total cycle?

both limb on the floor from 10 to 30 and 50 to 60

A

20%

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13
Q

stride

A

full cycle form initial contact to initial contact of same leg

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14
Q

step is

A

half a cycle (R IC to L IC)

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15
Q

length

A

distance of a stride or step

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16
Q

width

A

medial to lateral distance between center or R heel and center of L heel at initial contact

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17
Q

angle

A

toe out angle (typically) – too many toes sign

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18
Q

cadence

A

steps/stride per min

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19
Q

speed may be best indicator of ____ _____

A

walking ability

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20
Q

true or false: speed is also used as a treatment

A

true

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21
Q

increase speed by

A

longer stride (distance)

or increased cadence

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22
Q

dcriptors of gait

A
  • spatial (distance)
  • temporal (time)
  • spatiotemporal (speed =d/t)
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23
Q

spatial descriptors

A

width, length, angle

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24
Q

temporal descriptors

A

cadence, stride time, step time

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25
spatial temporal descriptors
walking speed (m/s)
26
kinetic energy is highest during
initial contact and opposite initial contact
27
potential energy is highest at
midstance and swing phase
28
how do you optimize energy expenditure of ambulation
optimize movement of COM
29
greatest walkings peed efficiency is at
3mph
30
sagittal ankle rotation: both ends of stance base
protruding calcareous at beginning and plantar flexion at end - functional lengthening - reduces doward displacement of COM
31
GRF is greatest at
heel strike
32
GRF is is lowest at
push off
33
GRF creates torque around joints
vertical mediolateral anteroposterior
34
GRF creates ____ torques
external
35
Muscles create _____ torques
internal
36
pelvis: posterior tilt
initial contact to midstance - flexion
37
pelvis: anterior tilt
terminal strange/heel off - extension
38
hip peak points
10 hypertext to 30 flexion - initial contact and terminal swing
39
knee peak points
midstance (foot flat) and swing phase
40
ankle peak piont
initial contact - PF 5% Toe off - DF 50% (allowing to adapt to terrain)
41
functional ROMs: - anterior and posterior tilt - hip - knee - ankle - MTP
- 2-4 deg - 10-0-30 - 5-60 - 10-0-20 -45-55 ext
42
frontal plane: pelvic
pelvis rotate in the formal according to which leg stance
43
frontal plane: hip
causes slight and/add at the hip
44
ankle motion in frontal plane
initial contact - inversion - everts quacking during loading response
45
when opposite side of the pelvis is rotating forward to face toward the stance limb this creates
internal rotation of the stance hip
46
when opposite side of the pelvis is rotating backward to face away from the stance limb, this creates
external rotation of the stance hip
47
Horizontal plane - hip starts at
ER at initial contact and begin during opposite foot flat (toe off)
48
trunk rotates toward the stance limb in the
horizontal plane
49
erector spine
eccentric to control forward trunk
50
rectus abdominis
stablize (isometic0
51
glute max
eccentric to decelerate thigh - concentric to initia hip extensors
52
iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartoris
eccentric to control hip extensor - concentric to initiate swing
53
hip abductors (med, min, tfl)
active during single lim - support hip adductors
54
hip adductors
active in early stance phase to stabilize hip and to help with hip extensor: second burst likely to assist hip flexion
55
56
knee extensors
- eccentric to absorb load - concentric to lift body
57
hamstrings
active before IC - eccentric for deceleration - concentric to initiate hip extension
58
59
dorsiflexors
eccentric to decelerate PF '- concentric to early swing to clear toes off the ground
60
plantarflexors
eccentric in early stance to control forward momentum of tibia
61
posterior tibialis
- eccentrically decelerates foot pronation in early stance - concentric in late stance to supinate foot
62
fibulas muscle
counteract posterior tibialis to control portion during stance phase - longus holds 1st ray in contact with ground
63
intrinsics
- concentric to lift arch- eccentric to stabilize foot for supination
64
running phase percentage
40 stance 60 swing - decreases with increasing speed
65
steps width decreases as speed
increases
66
COM - walking lowest point
double limb stance
67
COM - running highest point
mid float
68
COM - running lowest point
midstance
69
running sagittal kinematics ROM- - Hip
slimly more flexed than in walking
70
running sagittal kinematics ROM- - Knee
most flexion during swing to decrease mass moment of inertia
71
running sagittal kinematics ROM- - Pelvis
always in an anterior titled position - 15-20 deg
72
running sagittal kinematics ROM- - ankle
0-5 DF at initial contact to a max of 30 degree at midstance
73
running frontal kinematics ROM- pelvis
contralateral pelvis drop at foot like x 2
74
running frontal kinematics ROM- hip
adduction up to 8-10 deg at midstance and increase with velocity
75
GRF highest in walking or running
running
76
2.5x BW at the end of
loading resposnee
77
1.5x BW after
initial contact
78
Anterior posterior GRF - 1half of stance
directed psotierloy so called braking impulse
79

711 Kinesiology (11 decks)

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