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711 Kinesiology > Intro to kinesiology > Flashcards

Intro to kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

kinesis

A

to move

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2
Q

kinesiology

A

study of movement

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3
Q

kinetics

A

study of forces acting on mechanisms - with forces

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4
Q

kinematics

A

motion of a body (not considering the forces acting on it) without forces

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5
Q

biomechanics

A

study of how forces interact with a living body

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6
Q

kinematics broken down to 2 kinematics?

A

osteokinematics
arthorokinematics

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7
Q

osteokinematics

A

movement of bone

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8
Q

arhtrokinematics

A

movement of joint

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9
Q

translation

A

moving in the same direction - whole body walking/moving forward

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10
Q

rotation

A

same number of degrees at the same axis-joints

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11
Q

3 cardinal planes

A

sagittal
frontal (coronal)
horizontal (transverse)

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12
Q

sagittal

A

medial/lateral
left/right
flexion/extension

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13
Q

frontal (coronal)

A

front/back
add/abd
anterior/posterior

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14
Q

horizontal (transverse)

A

rotation
vertical/

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15
Q

axis

A

lies within the orthogonal plane, which is perpendicular to the plane in which the motion is occurring

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16
Q

orthogonal

A

right angle to

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17
Q

degrees of freedom

A

number of planes in which a joint can move

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18
Q

accessory motions

A

occurs simultaneously with osteokinematic motions

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19
Q

true or false: human movement rarely occurs in cardinal planes - we cross planes and move in multiple planes at once

A

true

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20
Q

closed chain kinematics

A

multiple joints moving - distal segment of kinematic chain fixed to an immovable object

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21
Q

open chain kinematics

A

one joint move - dial segment unconstrained

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22
Q

arthorkinematics motions

A

roll
slide (glide)
spin

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23
Q

roll

A

multiple points on one surface contact multiple points on the other
(if you have a roll, you will have a slide)

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24
Q

spin

A

single point on one surface articulates with (rotates on) a single point on the other

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25
slide
single point on one surface contacts multiple points on the other (you don't need a roll to have a slide)
26
convex on concave
roll and glide in opposite direction
27
concave on convex
glides in the same direction as the roll
28
close packed
good congruency taut/tight ligament (pulled to its full extent) increased stability little accessory motion (standing at full knee extension)
29
loosed packed
decrease congruency loose ligaments accessory motion is max (knee in 30degree flexion)
30
stress
internal resistance to deformation / x sectional area of tissue
31
strain
% elongation compared to pre stretch length
32
Young's modulus
ration of stress to deformation (strain) (Y/X) -- measure of tissue stiffness or elasticity
33
true or false: loose packed for mobilizations is designed to reduce pain
true
34
True or false: accessory motions (arthrokinematics) does not occur simultaneously with osteokinematic motions
false: it does occur simultaneously
35
forces have
magnitude and direction so kinetics uses vectors
36
longer arrows mean higher
magnitude
37
direction of arrow is the direction of
force
38
load/stress
tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion, combined laoding
39
stress
internal resistance to deformation / x sectional area of tissue
40
strain
percent elongation compared to pre stretch length
41
Young's modulus
ration of stress to deformation (strain) (Y/X) -- measure of tissue stiffness or elasticity
42
toe region
crimped or wavy fibers get straightened - very littles stress - resting phasee
43
lastic region
temporary deformation
44
plastic region
permanent deformation - more laced in tissue when loaded
45
yield point
microscopic damage to tissues allows more elongation with little increase in stress - yield to stress and allowing deformation
46
ultimate failure point
rupture of tissue (for healthy tendons, occurs at 8-13% elongation from pre stretch length)
47
stress over strain is
stiffness
48
small Y over Big X
strain -stretch
49
big Y over small X
Stress - load
50
historicist
you never hit the yield point but due to repetition you increase your resting length
51
viscosity
a materials resistance to deformation at a given rate (result of reorganization of atoms/molecules) how sticky and thick the tissue is
52
elasticity
a materials ability to immediately return to its original length after being stretched (result of atomic bond stretching)
53
viscoelasticity
measure of a materials time dependent strain (change in stiffness as a function of time) ***faster loading = increased stiffness***
54
higher load rate
steeper slope of curve (more stress with less formation due to viscoelasticity)
55
increase temperature would
decease of stiffness (more ductile) shallow
56
decrease temperature would
increase of stiffness (less. ductile) steeper
57
creep
apply a load in a way that the tissue is allowed to constantly elongate under load - constant stress (load) - constant internal resistance to the load - deformation (strain overs over time) example: knee replace - prob heel up and but a heavy ice pack on top of the knee and let gravity stretch it out
58
stress relaxation
tissue is put in a position of stretch, but the position is maintained with no potential for elongation - constant length (strain) of tissue - change in stress over time - casting your elbow at a stretch position - overtime, building relaxation and then stretch and cast again
59
serial casting is an example of
stress relaxation
60
dynamic splinting is an example
stress or creep
61
internal forces is within:
the body (muscles)
62
External forces is:
outside of the body (lifting weights, body weights)
63
internal and external forces is represented by? and what do they have?
Vectors: magnitude orientation direction point of application
64
torque
forces that induces rotation
65
torque equation
MA x Force
66
moment arm (MA)
perpendicular distance from axis to point of force application
67
T or F: leverage - greater advantage with a longer moment arm because that force won't have to be as high to get the same torque as a force with a shorter moment arm
True
68
there is no torque if the force
- pierces the axis of rotation (MA is zero) - parallels the axis of rotation (no perpendicular line of force)
69
concentric
internal force is greater than external force
70
eccentric
external force is greater than internal force
71
isometric
EF and IF is equal to one another
72
T or F: all muscle action does not cause JRF
False: it does cause JRF
73
JRF compresses joint and creates?
stability
74
force couples
multiple muscle contractions at different linear direction
75
lever
converts linear force into rotary torque
76
components of levers
rigid body forces (IF/EF) point of rotation (axis)
77
T or F: the longer the MA, the more efficient the lever
true
78
1st class lever
forces on either side (opposite torque) fulcrum is in between nodding yes!
79
2nd class lever
External force is closer and greater than internal force (calf raises)
80
3rd class lever
internal force is closer and greater than external force (most muscles are 3rd class) bicep curl
81
Second class characteristic
less force, motion, and speed
82
third class characteristics
more force, motion, and speed

711 Kinesiology (11 decks)

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