the fungi Flashcards

Question

what are the seven types of disease/disease classifications for aspergillus spp?

Answer 1

1. allergic syndrome 2. colonization and superficial syndrome (pulm) 3. direct inoculation 4. invasive pulmonary aspergillus 5. tracheobronchitis 6. sinusitis 7. disseminated infection

Answer 2

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) exposure to fungus causes allergic respiratory symptoms affects people with asthma of CF can also cause allergic sinusitis

Answer 3

pulmonary aspergilloma colonization of a free fungal ball in residual lung cavity (80% are post-TB) minimal inflammation evolution to cavitation typical symptom is HEMOPTYSIS

Answer 4

1. otomycosis--> A. niger colonization of external ear | 2. keratitis --> secondary to trauma or corneal surgery

Answer 5

nosocomial or associated with construction work

Answer 6

"IPA" most common--> usually fatal opportunistic infections immunocompromised patients are at risk usually have extrapulmonary dissemination i.e to brain response to therapy is less than 20% and mortality is greater than 90%

Answer 7

AIDS patients or those undergoing lung transplant

Answer 8

found in soil and organic debris human disease is rare in healthy hosts, infection usually occurs after trauma (direct inoculation) can happen in immunocompromised hosts after inhalation or minor trauma infections: keratitis, onchomycosis (nails), endiphthalmitis (internal coats of eye), skin/MSK infection

Answer 9

may present with fever and myalgias unresponsive to antibacterials skin lesions in 60-80% of patients (papules or deep, painful nodules that begin as flat but can become necrotic)

Answer 10

includes fungi of order MUCORALES (i.e Rhizopus spp, Absidia spp, and Mucor spp_) these are molds that grow as HYPHAL forms ("lid lifters") common in environment, rapid growth, prolific spore formation low virulence in humans--> disease caused in severely immunocompromised patients, people with diabetes mellitus, trauma or transplant fungus gains access through respiratory tract hyphae invade tissue and have affinity for BLOOD VESSELS

Answer 11

rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, GI, CNS mucormycosis

Answer 12

histoplasmosis blastomycosis coccidioimycosis grow as FILAMENTOUS molds in the environment (at 24-30 degrees) are YEAST LIKE in TISSUES (at 35-37 degrees) ALL are pathogenic--> contaminant level 3 begin as inhalation of spores but are not communicable arise due to exposure to nitrogen rich soil, bird or bat poop, caves

Answer 13

histoplasmosis and coccidioimycosis

Answer 14

HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM infection is common but overt disease is not primary lesion is in the LUNGS large spectrum of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to acute disseminated infection acute disseminated infection presents as: rapid, debilitating GI symptoms, bone marrow suppression, hepatosplenomagaly (young children, AIDS, immunocompromised) chronic disseminated presents as: low grade fever, weight loss, weakness, hepatosplenomegaly, focal disease (fatal if untreated)--> if pulmonary can resemble; is granulomatous

Answer 15

blastomyces dermatitidis most = soil exposure, decomposing organic matter, hunting, trapping about 50% of those infected show symptoms--> if symptomatic, symptoms arise 3-15 weeks post exposure due to incubation period symptoms = flu-like (fever, chills, cough, muscles aches, joint and chest pain) can disseminate and become serious

Answer 16

found in soil and transmitted by inhalation of dust-borne infective ARTHROCONIDIA primary infection is flu-like (or asymptomatic) 60% are self-limiting 1/5 cases have erythema nodosum may heal completely with residual pulmonary fibrosis rarely fatal unless disseminated many have GRANULOMA formation (resembles TB) incubation period of 10-16 days

Answer 17

closely related group of FILAMENTOUS fungi that are able to digest and obtain nutrients from KERATIN chronic process of infection 3 genera: differentiated phenotypically by CONIDIA formation transmission by direct/indirect contact to infected sites of human, animal or contaminated fomites can remain infectious for months/years in shredded skin higher incidence in tropical/subtropical areas

Answer 18

example of dermatophyte infection SKIN MYCOSES categorized by anatomical area affected

Answer 19

scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes worldwide endemicity spectrum of clinical presentation highly contagious TRICHOPHYTON spp and MICROSPORON spp

Answer 20

"athlete's foot" chronic or subclinical tow web infection constant shedding of infectious skin scales TRICHOPHYTON spp or EPIDERMOPHYTON spp

Answer 21

toenails common (3% of elderly) TRICHOPHYTON

Answer 22

groin common in males, usually spread from feet TRICHOPHYTON spp and EPIDERMOPHYTON

Answer 23

skin ("RINGWORM") ringworm = host reaction to enzymes release from fungus during digestive process--> ECZEMATOUS response no invasion of living tissue--> colonization of STRATUM CORNEUM

Answer 24

NOT a dermatophyte--> a YEAST i.e Malassezia furfur normal skin flora that can become opportunistic multiple macules--> patches of hyperpigmentation (back/chest/abdomen/forehead) relatively common (2-8%) adolescents and young adults in warm/humid climates yeast feed on dead skin and skin oils Tx = topical antifungals