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IDMM > IDMM Week 3 PBL > Flashcards

IDMM Week 3 PBL Flashcards

1
Q

lesion

A

any abnormality involving any tissue or organ due to any disease or any injury

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2
Q

rash

A

a change in the SKIN which affects its color, appearance, or texture

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3
Q

primary lesion

A

initial lesion that characterizes a condition

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4
Q

secondary lesion

A

modification by regression or trauma of a primary lesion (i.e scab)

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5
Q

exanthems

A

skin rashes

eruptive epidermal lesions

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6
Q

enanthems

A

lesions on internal epithelial surfaces (i.e oral cavity)

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7
Q

what do macules look like

A

change in surface COLOR

no elevation or depression (NONPALPABLE)
ill defined
no change in texture

**1 cm or less

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8
Q

what can cause macular rashes

A 
measles
mumps
rubella
5th disease
CMV
EBV
dengue
adenovirus
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9
Q

what does a patch look like

A

large macule

nonpalpable, maybe some wrinkle

**larger than 1 cm

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10
Q

what does a papule look like

A

circumscribed
solid ELEVATION
no visible fluid

**1 cm or less

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11
Q

what diseases can cause a papular rash

A

enterovirus

HPV (warts)

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12
Q

what does a plaque look like

A

broad papule
elevation, plateau like

**1cm

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13
Q

what does a nodule look like

A

similar to a papule but extends DEEPER

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14
Q

what does a vesicle look like

A

circumscribed
FLUID containing
ELEVATED

**less than 1cm

may have erythematous margins

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15
Q

what diseases can cause vesicular rashes

A

HSV 1/2
VZV
enterovirus
coxsackie virus

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16
Q

what does a pustule look like

A

it is a type of VESICLE
small elevation
contains CLOUDY/PURULENT material
**necrotic inflammation cells

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17
Q

what causes putstules

A

bacteria

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18
Q

what does a petechial rash look like

A

small hemorrhage beneath the epidermis

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19
Q

what causes petechial rash

A

coxsackievirus
rocky mountain spotted fever
N. meningitidis

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20
Q

what is an ulcer

A

CONVEX

discontinuity of skin

21
Q

what is a blister

A

collection of fluid under the top layer of skin

can contain serum/plasma, water, pus, blood

22
Q

what disease does the VZV virus cause

A

chicken pox

23
Q

what does VZV infection/chickenpox look like

A

widespread VESICLES with red base appearing as “dew on a rose petal” rash

spreads CENTRIFUGALLY

24
Q

what disease does HSV cause?

A

herpes

25
Q

what does herpes infection look like

A

VESICULAR lesions in mouth/eye or genital/perianal regions

26
Q

what diseases does coxsackievirus cause

A

herpangina

hand, foot and mouth disease

27
Q

what does coxsackievirus infection look like

A

red oropharynx VESICLES

vesicles on h/f/m

28
Q

what does smallpox infection look like

A

MACULES form first in the head then later in the extremities, becoming pus filled VESICLES then crusts

29
Q

what does molluscum contagiosum look like

A

small pink skin tumors with central cimple often on trunk and anogenital regions

30
Q

what does rubella infection look like

A

MACULOPAPULAR RASH

flate red area on skin covered by small pumps beginning in face and spreading to extremities

31
Q

what does measles infection look like

A

starts at head and progresses to feet, disappearing in the order it appears

PALATAL PETECHIAE

32
Q

what does infection with the human herpes viridae virus (HHV6) look like

A

causes “roseola”

in infants, is a rash on the trunk

33
Q

what disease is caused by parvovirus B19

A

erythema infectiosum

34
Q

what does parvovirus B19/erythema infectiosum infection look like

A

“slapped cheek” appearance

35
Q

what disease causing rash is caused by GBS (S. pyogenes)

A

scarlet fever

36
Q

what does scarlet fever look like

A

“sandpaper” rash

begins on trunk and spreads outwards

37
Q

what disease is caused by R. rickettsii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

38
Q

what does R. rickettsii/rocky mountain spotted fever look like

A

MACULOPAPULAR rash on PALMS and SOLES spreading proximally to trunk

39
Q

what disease is caused by R. prowazekii

A

epidemic typhus

40
Q

what does typhus rash look like

A

spares palms, soles and face

41
Q

what disease is caused by B. burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease

42
Q

what does B. burgdorferi/lyme disease infection look like

A

erythema chronicum migrans

spreading annular RED LESION surrounding clear bite mark

43
Q

what type of rash is characteristic of secondary syphilis

A

MACULOPAPULAR on palms and soles

44
Q

what disease is cause by salmonella typhi

A

typhoid fever

45
Q

what does typhoid fever rash look like

A

sparse rose spots and petechial lesions

46
Q

mechanism of fever

A

fever is due to an elevated set point

  1. exogenous pyrogen binds to monocyte, macrophage or lymphocyte
  2. causes release of endogenous pyrogens (cytokines TNF alpha, IL1, IFN-gamma)
  3. endogenous pyrogens bind to endothelial cells near PREOPTIC HYPOTHALAMUS in leaky circumventricular organ (OVLT)
  4. endothelial cells synthesize prostaglandin E2 and NO
  5. PGE2 diffuses into preoptic hypothalamus and decreases the firing rate of warm sensitive neurons, increases the firing rate of cold sensitive neurons
  6. this increases the set point
47
Q

which form of herpes can present as encephalitis in neonates

A

HSV2

48
Q

which bacteria and viruses may cause meningitis in neonates

A

1.bacterial
E. coli
GBS
Listeria monocytogenes

  1. viral (more common)
    enteroviruses
    HSV
    CMV
49
Q

which bacteria and viruses can cause encephalitis in neonates

A 
1. bacteria
mycoplasma pneumoniae
syphilis
listeria
TB
salmonella typhi
2. viruses (more common)
HSV
measles
mumps
rabies
arboviruses
CMV

IDMM (29 decks)

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