IDMM Week 3 PBL Flashcards by Alana Meikle

lesion

any abnormality involving any tissue or organ due to any disease or any injury

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rash

a change in the SKIN which affects its color, appearance, or texture

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primary lesion

initial lesion that characterizes a condition

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secondary lesion

modification by regression or trauma of a primary lesion (i.e scab)

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exanthems

skin rashes

eruptive epidermal lesions

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enanthems

lesions on internal epithelial surfaces (i.e oral cavity)

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what do macules look like

change in surface COLOR

no elevation or depression (NONPALPABLE)
ill defined
no change in texture

**1 cm or less

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what can cause macular rashes

measles
mumps
rubella
5th disease
CMV
EBV
dengue
adenovirus

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what does a patch look like

large macule

nonpalpable, maybe some wrinkle

**larger than 1 cm

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what does a papule look like

circumscribed
solid ELEVATION
no visible fluid

**1 cm or less

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what diseases can cause a papular rash

enterovirus

HPV (warts)

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what does a plaque look like

broad papule
elevation, plateau like

**1cm

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what does a nodule look like

similar to a papule but extends DEEPER

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what does a vesicle look like

circumscribed
FLUID containing
ELEVATED

**less than 1cm

may have erythematous margins

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what diseases can cause vesicular rashes

HSV 1/2
VZV
enterovirus
coxsackie virus

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what does a pustule look like

it is a type of VESICLE
small elevation
contains CLOUDY/PURULENT material
**necrotic inflammation cells

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what causes putstules

bacteria

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what does a petechial rash look like

small hemorrhage beneath the epidermis

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what causes petechial rash

coxsackievirus
rocky mountain spotted fever
N. meningitidis

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what is an ulcer

CONVEX

discontinuity of skin

what is a blister

collection of fluid under the top layer of skin

can contain serum/plasma, water, pus, blood

what disease does the VZV virus cause

chicken pox

what does VZV infection/chickenpox look like

widespread VESICLES with red base appearing as “dew on a rose petal” rash

spreads CENTRIFUGALLY

what disease does HSV cause?

herpes

what does herpes infection look like

VESICULAR lesions in mouth/eye or genital/perianal regions

what diseases does coxsackievirus cause

herpangina | hand, foot and mouth disease

what does coxsackievirus infection look like

red oropharynx VESICLES vesicles on h/f/m

what does smallpox infection look like

MACULES form first in the head then later in the extremities, becoming pus filled VESICLES then crusts

what does molluscum contagiosum look like

small pink skin tumors with central cimple often on trunk and anogenital regions

what does rubella infection look like

MACULOPAPULAR RASH flate red area on skin covered by small pumps beginning in face and spreading to extremities

what does measles infection look like

starts at head and progresses to feet, disappearing in the order it appears PALATAL PETECHIAE

what does infection with the human herpes viridae virus (HHV6) look like

causes "roseola" in infants, is a rash on the trunk

what disease is caused by parvovirus B19

erythema infectiosum

what does parvovirus B19/erythema infectiosum infection look like

"slapped cheek" appearance

what disease causing rash is caused by GBS (S. pyogenes)

scarlet fever

what does scarlet fever look like

"sandpaper" rash begins on trunk and spreads outwards

what disease is caused by R. rickettsii

rocky mountain spotted fever

what does R. rickettsii/rocky mountain spotted fever look like

MACULOPAPULAR rash on PALMS and SOLES spreading proximally to trunk

what disease is caused by R. prowazekii

epidemic typhus

what does typhus rash look like

spares palms, soles and face

what disease is caused by B. burgdorferi

Lyme disease

what does B. burgdorferi/lyme disease infection look like

erythema chronicum migrans spreading annular RED LESION surrounding clear bite mark

what type of rash is characteristic of secondary syphilis

MACULOPAPULAR on palms and soles

what disease is cause by salmonella typhi

typhoid fever

what does typhoid fever rash look like

sparse rose spots and petechial lesions

mechanism of fever

fever is due to an elevated set point 1. exogenous pyrogen binds to monocyte, macrophage or lymphocyte 2. causes release of endogenous pyrogens (cytokines TNF alpha, IL1, IFN-gamma) 3. endogenous pyrogens bind to endothelial cells near PREOPTIC HYPOTHALAMUS in leaky circumventricular organ (OVLT) 4. endothelial cells synthesize prostaglandin E2 and NO 5. PGE2 diffuses into preoptic hypothalamus and decreases the firing rate of warm sensitive neurons, increases the firing rate of cold sensitive neurons 6. this increases the set point

which form of herpes can present as encephalitis in neonates

HSV2

which bacteria and viruses may cause meningitis in neonates

1.bacterial E. coli GBS Listeria monocytogenes 2. viral (more common) enteroviruses HSV CMV

which bacteria and viruses can cause encephalitis in neonates

``` 1. bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae syphilis listeria TB salmonella typhi ``` ``` 2. viruses (more common) HSV measles mumps rabies arboviruses CMV ```