parasites Flashcards

Question

cestode sexes

Answer 1

hemaphroditic

Answer 2

can live for decades infection is via egg/larvae ingestion

Answer 3

taenia solium (pork tapeworm) taenia saginatum is cow tapeworm dipnyllobotherium latum is from uncooked fish echinococcus is from sheep

Answer 4

cestode pork tapeworm causes NEUROCYSTOCERCOSIS most medically important tapeworm infection worldwide most common parasite of CNS most preventable cause of EPILEPSY results from undercooked PORK--> humans eat adult tapeworm from pork--> human excretes eggs--> if another human ingests the eggs, eggs hatch and turn into CYSTECERCI in tissues, including in the brain parenchymal disease (cysts--> degeneration--> calcification--> seizures) extraparenchymal disease (sub-arachnoid space, ventricles, spine) most important clinical goal is to CONTROL INFLAMMATION

Answer 5

flatworms/flukes first intermediate host is SOIL second intermediate host is FISH/SHELLFISH dorso-ventrally flattened, unsegmented, leaf-like or cynindrical structure

Answer 6

hermaphroditic

Answer 7

require 1 or more intermediate hosts infect through skin penetration or larvae ingestion

Answer 8

1. paragonimus westermani | 2. schistosomiasis

Answer 9

trematode LUNG fluke reservoir = wild and domestic carnivores usually asymptomatic--> can have COUGH (often confused with TB, lung cancer) rare cerebral disease diagnosis through serology, sputum (eggs), eosinophilia infection through LARVAE INGESTION

Answer 10

trematode BLOOD fluke cause of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa acquired by swimming in freshwater lake or rivers microscopic CERCARIAE burrow through skin and migrate to blood vessels surrounding target organs --> females lay eggs--> eggs penetrate into tissue through vessel walls --> eggs propelled into lumen --> pass in urine or stool ``` urogenital = S. haematobium intestinal/hepatic = S. mansoni, S. japonicum ``` acute infection is usually 4 weeks post-exposure and involves fever, diarrhea, eosinophilia continued egg-laying leads to chronic inflammation and then to cancers, cirrhosis

Answer 11

1. scabies 2. head lice 3. body louse 4. trench fever (body louse) 5. bot fly (Dermatobium hominis)

Answer 12

FLAGELLATE i.e GIARDIA lamblia ("beaver fever")

Answer 13

PLASMODIUM (malaria)

Answer 14

1. malaria 2. leishmania 3. giardia lamblia

Answer 15

FEMALE ANOPHELES night-biting MOSQUITO transmits through BITE

Answer 16

``` P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae P. knowlesi ``` 50% = falciparum

Answer 17

asexual cycle in RBCs (SHIZOGANY) sexual reproduction in female anopheles mosquito (SPOROGANY)

Answer 18

thick and thin BLOOD SMEAR --> can determine species of plasmodium as well as % RBCs infected (parasitemia) rapid antigen tests

Answer 19

malaria--> #1 cause of fever in returning travellers

Answer 20

``` fevers rigors headaches diarrhea nausea ``` may be mistaken for viral infection

Answer 21

from P. FALCIPARUM evidence of end-organ dysfunction (coma, renal failure) mortality is 10-20% with Tx

Answer 22

infection is a medical emergency endemic in sub saharan africa parasites induces formation of sticky "KNOBS" on RBCs which clog small vessels in brain and lungs

Answer 23

1. P. falciparum NO; P. vivax YES 2. P. falciparum 5% = severe; P. vivax risk of severe disease is not established 3. P. falciparum NO; P. vivax YES 4. P. falciparum = common; P. vivax very common 5. P. falciparum = arteminisin combo therapy; P. vivax = chloroquine + 14 days primaquine

Answer 24

L. donovani L. infantum L. chagasi (chagas disease)

Answer 25

skin biopsy | serology

Answer 26

amphotericin B topical ketoconazole

Answer 27

cause of ulcerated papule subclinical infection is most common HIV coinfection = reactivation fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, progressive MASSIVE SPLENOMEGALY

Answer 28

intestinal protozoa (flagellate) most common GI intestinal protozoal infection in world fecal oral transmission may be asymptomatic causes GI symptoms by EFFACEMENT OF VILLI via inciting inflammation at the intestinal brush border this means that dietary FATS are absorbed poorly and result in "GREASY" STOOLS that FLOAT in the toilet NEVER INVASIVE on its own, and will NOT cause bloody diarrhea