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IDMM > basic classification, major distinguishing features, genus, pathogenicity, clinical significance > Flashcards

basic classification, major distinguishing features, genus, pathogenicity, clinical significance Flashcards

1
Q

C. difficile

A

clostridium

anaerobic gram + bacilli

straight rods, spores

pathogenicity = toxin A and toxin B

clinical: diarrhea (antibiotic or nosocomial)

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2
Q

Neisseria menigitidis

A

neisseria

fastidious gram -

diplococci, oxidase +

pathogenicity = polysaccharide capsule, outer membrane protein

clinical: meningitis

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3
Q

C. botulinum

A

clostridium

anaerobic gram + bacilli

straight or curved rods, spores

pathogenicity = neurotoxin

clinical: botulism (flaccid paralysis)

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4
Q

neisseria gonorrhea

A

neisseria

fastidious gram -

diplococci, oxidase +

pathogenicity: pili, capsule, proteases, adherence proteins
clinical: gonorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis

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5
Q

E. coli

A

enterobacteriaceae

aerobic gram - fermenters

rods, oxidase -

pathogenicity = endotoxins, exotoxins, capsule, pili

clinical= meningitis in newborns, UTIs, GI infection

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6
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

listeria

aerobic gram + bacilli

single or short chain rods, NONbranching, motile

catalase +

pathogenicity = hemolysin

clinical: gastroenteritis, meningitis/encephalitis

in pregnancy can cause abortions, stillbirth, preterm

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7
Q

C. perfringens

A

clostridium

anaerobic gram + bacilli

box car shaped rods (blunt ends), spores

pathogenicity = alpha toxin, enterotoxins

clinical: gas gangrene, diarrhea (bloody = acute necrotizing GI infection)

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8
Q

peptostreptococcus spp

A

peptostreptococcus

anaerobic gram + bacilli

elongated cocci, NONspore forming

pathogenicity is unknown

clinical = mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial infections including cutaneous, respiratory, oral, female pelvic

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9
Q

C. diptheriae

A

corynebacterium

aerobic gram + bacilli

rods, NONbranching

catalase +

pathogenicity = diptheria toxin

clinical: diptheria (pharyngeal)

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10
Q

Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

A

streptococcus

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in PAIRS and CHAINS

catalase -

B hemolytic

pathogenicity = streptolysin O & S

clinical: pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)

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11
Q

Salmonella spp

A

enterobacteriaceae

aerobic gram - fermenter

rods, oxidase -

pathogenicity = adhesion proteins, survival in phagocytes, dissemination to other tissues

clinical: GI infection, bacteremia

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12
Q

Proteus spp

A

enterobacteriaceae

aerobic gram - fermenter

rods, oxidase -

pathogenicity = endotoxins, exotoxins, capsules, adhesion proteins

clinical: UTIs, nosocomial infections, blood infections

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13
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

vibrio

aerobic gram - fermenter

rods, oxidase +

pathogenicity: somatic O antigens, exotoxins
clinical: cholera (GI)

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14
Q

moraxella catarrhalis

A

moraxella

aerobic gram - non-fermenter

diplococci, oxidase +

pathogenicity: uncertain; cell envelope adhesion factors
clinical: CAP

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15
Q

enterococci

A

streptococci

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in PAIRS, CHAINS

catalase -

NON-hemolytic

pathogenicity = surface adhesins

clinical: UTIs, endocarditis, nosocomial vanco-resistant enterococcus

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16
Q

A. israelii

A

actinomyces

anaerobic gram + bacilli

beaded, irregular staining on gram stain

branching, filamentous bacilli

pathogenicity = unknown

clinical = oral/cervicofacial infections, pelvic infections (IUD)

17
Q

C. jeikeium

A

corynebacterium

aerobic gram + bacilli

rods, NONbranching

catalase +

pathogenicity = unknown

clinical = foreign body infections

18
Q

C. tetani

A

clostridium

anaerobic gram + bacilli

straight rods, spores

pathogenicity = tetanus toxin

clinical: tetanus

19
Q

Pseudomonas aerigunosa

A

Pseudomonas

aerobic gram - NONfermenter

slender bacilli, oxidase +, metallic sheen, grape-like color

pathogenicity = exotoxin A, endotoxins

clinical: otitis externa, pneumonia in CF, ventilator acquired pneumonia, UTIs

20
Q

S. epidermis

A

coagulase - staphylococci

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in CLUSTERS

catalase +

pathogenicity = biofilm production

clinical= nosocomial blood stream infections associated with IV catheters, prosthetic material infections

21
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

streptococcus

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in PAIRS/CHAINS

catalase -

alpha hemolytic

pathogenicity = polysccharide capsule

clinical = CAP, otitis media, conjunctivitis, meningitis

22
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

haemophilus

fastidious gram -

coccobacilli or short rods, satellite, oxidase +

pathogenicity = polysaccharide capsule, outer membrane protein

clinical = meningitis, epiglottitis, conjunctivitis, otitis media, pneumonia

23
Q

S. aureus

A

Staphylococcus

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in CLUSTERS

catalase +

pathogenicity = toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST1), enterotoxins

clinical: skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, CF pneumonia, diarrhea

24
Q

S. mitis

A

streptococcus

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in pairs/chains

catalase -

alpha hemolytic

pathogenicity = polysaccharide capsule

clinical = native valve endocarditis, bacteremia

25
Q

Strep. agalactiae (group B strep)

A

streptococcus

aerobic gram + cocci

cocci in pairs/chains

catalase -

Beta hemolytic

pathogenicity = polysaccharide capsule

clinical = early onset neonatal disease (pneumonia, sepsis), late onset neonatal disease (meningitis, sepsis)

26
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

bacteroides

anaerobic gram -

straight bacilli, pale staining

pathogenicity = capsules, endotoxins, enzymes

clinical = abscesses throughout body, bacteremia, aspirational pneumonia

27
Q

Enterobacter spp

A

enterobacteriaceae

aerobic gram - fermenter

rods, oxidase -

pathogenicity = endotoxins, exotoxins, capsule

clinical = UTIs, nosocomial, blood infections

28
Q

M. pneumonia

A

mycoplasma

non gram staining bacteria

no cell wall, need special growth media

pathogenicity = polyclonal T cell and B cell activators, trigger formation of cold agglutinins (CLUMP RBCs)

clinical = atypical pneumonia, dermatologic involvement, cardiac and neuro complications

29
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

non-cultivable, requires living cells

pathogenicity = complicated intracellular lifecycle, inhibits phagosome/lysosome fusion

clinical = urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis, PID, conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum

30
Q

genital mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. genitalium)

A

non gram staining bacteria

no cell wall, need special growth medium

pathogenicity = resistant to B lactam antibiotics

clinical: non gonococcal urethritis in males

31
Q

chlamydia psittaci

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

non-cultivable as requires livings cells

pathogenicity = vertebrate vector (birds)

clinical = atypical pneumonia

32
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

spirochetes

gram -

pathogenicity = acid resistance, establishes residence in stomach

clinical significance = duodenal and gastric ulcers

33
Q

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

A

acid fast bacilli

non-spore forming, non-motile

Ziehl-Neelsen stain needed

slow growing, fastidious growth requirements

pathogenicity = inhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion

clinical = pulmonary disease, disseminated infection in AIDS patients, opportunistic in immune compromised patients

34
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

spirochete

CANNOT gram stain

tightly wound slender coils with pointed ends

pathogenicity = lack of proteins on outer membrane of cell wall, antigenic variation

clinical = primary syphilis (painless chancre) ; secondary syphilis (myalgia, headache, fever, rash); tertiary syphilis (neurosyphilis i.e general paralysis), Cv syphilis and congenital syphilis (facial and tooth abnormalities)

35
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

small and gram -

growth requires living cells

zoonotic infections caused by ticks, flease, mites

pathogenicity = tick vector and cell to cell spread (hundreds of contagious epithelial cells are infected)

clinical = rocky mountain spotted fever (fever and rash)

36
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid fast bacilli

non spore forming, non motile

Ziehl-Neelsen stain required due to waxy outer membrane

slow growing

fastidious growth requirements

pathogenicity = survive and multiply in alveolar macrophages, carried to lymphatics and can start other foci of infection

clinical = primary pulmonary disease, reactivation disease, disseminated disease

IDMM (29 decks)

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