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IDMM > IDMM Week 1 PBL > Flashcards

IDMM Week 1 PBL Flashcards

1
Q

List the viruses that cause enteric infections

A

Rotavirus
Enteric adenovirus
Norwalk virus

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2
Q

What type of enteric infection do viruses cause

A

self limited infectious diarrhea

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3
Q

Transmission of rotavirus

A

children under 6
contaminated water
fecal oral

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4
Q

Pathogenic features of rotavirus

A

destroy mature epithelial cells in the middle and upper villi–watery diarrhea is due to MALABSORPTION

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5
Q

transmission of enteric adenovirus

A

young children and infants

sporadic

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6
Q

Pathogenic features of enteric adenovirus

A

self limited infectious diarrhea

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7
Q

Norwalk virus transmission

A

young and old

fecal oral

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8
Q

Pathogenic features of norwalk virus

A

epidemic gastroenteritus with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

List bacteria that cause enteric infections

A 
enterotoxigenic E. Coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Yersinia enterocolita
Shigella
Enteropathogenic E. coli 
Salmonella
C. Difficile 
Vibrio cholerae
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10
Q

Transmission of ETEC

A

travellers diarrhea

food and water borne

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11
Q

pathogenic features of ETEC

A

watery diarrhea

heat labile toxin activates AC–>increases concentration of cAMP

heat stable toxin increases [cGMP]–>resultsin reduced Na+ absorption in villus cells and increased CL- secretion in crypt cells

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12
Q

Transmission of campylobacter jejuni

A

mainly kids
contaminated food and water
zoonotic

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13
Q

Pathogenic features from campylobacter jejuni

A

gastritis, enterocolitis, septicemia

causes BLOODY diarrhea and FEVER

cholera-like toxins, invasion (leading to inflammation), translocation into lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes

Guillain-barre syndrome

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14
Q

Yersinia enterocolita transmission

A

mainly kids

contaminated food and water

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15
Q

Yersinia enterocolita pathogenic features

A
  • RUQ pain
  • BLOODY, mucoid diarrhea
  • pseudoappendicities, mesenteric adenitis syndrome (Peyer’s patches)
  • arthritis, ERYTHEMA NODOSUM

HA enterotixin–like E. Coli: invasion into intestinal wall, regional lymph nodes and blood

16-72 hour incubation

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16
Q

Shigella transmission

A

fecal oral

contaminated food and water

17
Q

Shigella pathogenic featuers

A
  • DYSENTERY

- invasion, SHIGA TOXIN (causes hemorrhage, inhibits protein synthesis), actin rockets for cell-cell invasion

18
Q

Enteropathogenic E. Coli transmission

A

children–nursery school outbreaks

19
Q

Enteropathogenic E. Coli pathogenic features

A
  • watery diarrhea
  • initial binding is by bundle-forming pilus
  • binding activates phospholipase C trhough Hp-90–>increase IP3 and Ca2+ which causes actin polymerization immediately beneath the organism–>effacement of microvilli
  • intimate contact is mediated by a number of proteins )intimin)
  • organism sits on the flat pedestal created by the altered cytoskeleton
  • change in cell architecture causes direct damage, excess water, leading to diarrhea
  • attaching and effacing lesions
20
Q

salmonella transmission

A

food and water borne

human and animal reservoirs

21
Q

salmonella pathogenic features

A

S. typhi - typhoid fever (including intestinal bleeding)

Gastroenteritis
sepsis

22
Q

C. difficile transmission

A

hospital acquired

antibiotic associated

23
Q

C. difficile pathogenic features

A

pseudomembrane
enterotoxin–disrupts membrane integrity
cytotoxin–cells lose filaments and lyse
NON INVASIVE

24
Q

Vibrio cholerae transmission

A

pandemic

epidemic

25
Q

vibrio cholerae pathogenic features

A

severe watery diarrhea due to cholera toxin

26
Q

parasites associated with enteric infections

A

giardia lamblia

entamoeba histolytica

27
Q

transmission of giardia

A

travellers diarrhea

contaminated drinking water

28
Q

pathogenic features of giardia

A

NO enterotoxins
NO invasion
IgA proteases, sucker disc to adhere

cause diarrhea due to MALABSORPTION

FROTHY, FATTY stool

29
Q

transmission of entamoeba histolytica

A

large reservoir of asymptomatic carriers

fecal oral

sexual transmission (anal)

contaminated food and water

30
Q

entamoeba histolytica pathogenic features

A
  • BLOODY diarrhea
  • FEVER
  • intestinal pain

attach to colonic epithelium, lyse colonic epithelial cells, invade bowel wall

contain cysteine proteases, channel forming protein for BORING HOLES into plasma membranes

31
Q

Methods for parasite detection

A

special formalin preparation

O&P

32
Q

what tests do you need special requests for?

A

O&P
viruses
non-routine bacteria (i.e C. diff and shiga toxin)

33
Q

Do you use gram staining in most GI infection diagnosis?

A

No because already a large amount of bacteria in GI under normal circumstances

34
Q

Why might antibiotics be contraindicated in some enteric infections?

A

they may lyse the bacteria and release large amounts of endotoxin or exotoxin which exacerbates the symptoms ie with EHEC

35
Q

Which enteric infections are indicated for antibiotics?

A

Shigellosis
Typhoid fever
Cholera

36
Q

List infection control measures to prevent the spread of enteric pathogens to others

A
  • adequate hand washing
  • proper disposal of fecal matter
  • maintain a clean water supply
  • stay at home if sick
  • dont share foodstuffs
  • dont share dishware and eating utensils
  • wash and cook foodstuffs thoroughly
  • proper transport and storage of food
37
Q

Public health measures taken against food-borne illness

A
  • food safe education program
  • ongoing surveillance programs
  • mandatory reporting programs (shigella, e. coli, listeria, clostridium botulinum, salmonella)
38
Q

What is the public health investigation that follows the outbreak of a food-borne illess

A
  1. initial assessment–ID causative agent, investigate its source
  2. risk assessment–determine resources required
  3. public notices–recall product if necessary–prevent future outbreak
  4. post-outbreak education and establishment of new guidelines if required

IDMM (29 decks)

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