The Foreign Language Learner (II) – Heterogeneity & Differentiation & The Teacher

Question 2

What is learner autonomy in language learning?

Answer 2

The ability of learners to take responsibility for their learning by setting goals, selecting strategies, and reflecting on progress.

Question 3

How can teachers promote learner autonomy?

Answer 3

• Encouraging self-directed learning.
• Using independent projects & self-assessment.
• Providing choices in learning activities.

Question 4

What is differentiation in TEFL?

Answer 4

Adapting teaching to meet individual learner needs in terms of content, process, and learning goals.

Question 5

What is the difference between internal and external differentiation?

Answer 5

• Internal differentiation: Adjusting content & tasks within the same class.
• External differentiation: Placing learners in different groups or levels based on ability.

Question 6

What is Kuty’s approach to individualization?

Answer 6

• Designing tasks based on learners’ needs & interests.
• Using learning stations and task-based learning.
• Allowing personalized learning paths.

Question 7

Name five key roles of a teacher in TEFL.

Answer 7

• Scaffolder – Supports learners to gain independence.
• Evaluator – Assesses progress through formative & summative methods.
• Facilitator – Creates an interactive learning environment.
• Motivator – Encourages engagement & reduces anxiety.
• Cultural Mediator – Helps learners with intercultural communication.

Question 8

What is “balanced teaching” according to Thaler?

Answer 8

A combination of structured & open teaching:

• Structured: Grammar rules, guided practice.
• Open: Communicative activities, student-led learning.

Question 9

What are the eight multiple intelligences? (Gardner 1983)

Answer 9

1.Verbal-Linguistic – Language-based learning.
2.Logical-Mathematical – Pattern recognition, logic.
3.Musical-Rhythmic – Sensitivity to sound & rhythm.
4.Bodily-Kinesthetic – Learning through movement.
5.Visual-Spatial – Thinking in images.
6.Interpersonal – Understanding others.
7.Intrapersonal – Self-awareness & reflection.
8.Naturalistic – Learning through nature.

Question 10

How can multiple intelligences be used in TEFL?

Answer 10

Visual-Spatial: Use mind maps, images for storytelling.
Musical-Rhythmic: Integrate songs, rhymes for pronunciation.
Bodily-Kinesthetic: Use role-plays & physical activities.

Question 11

Name four effective teaching strategies for individualized learning.

Answer 11

1.Task-Based Learning – Real-life communication tasks.
2.Project-Based Learning – Promotes autonomy & collaboration.
3.Flexible Grouping – Adjusts learning groups based on needs.
4.Technology Integration – Digital tools support diverse learning styles.