The Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Exceptional compartment syndrome: Which nerve and in which lower leg compartment are typically involved?

Answer 1

Deep fibular; anterior compartment

Question 2

What pre-exercise intercompartmental pressure would be indicative of compartment syndrome?

Answer 2

> 15 mm hg

Or:

> 30 mm hg 1 min post exercise

Or

> 20 mm hg 5 min post exercise

Question 3

Post exertional compartment syndrome surgery when can a runner return to competition safely?

Answer 3

12-16 weeks

Question 4

What is the most common MOI of Lisfranc injuries?

Answer 4

Slightly ER foot with planterflexion and axial loading

Question 5

Where does a Lisfranc injury occur?

Answer 5

Medial (first) cuneiform and second metatarsal

Question 6

Best evidence for treatment of a stage 1 Lisfranc injury

Answer 6

NWB for 6-8 weeks

Cast Immobilization

Question 7

What is the most common metatarsal stress fracture:

Ballet dancers?
In general?

Answer 7

Ballet dancers?
- base of 2nd metatarsal
In general?
- 2nd metatarsal
- longest

Question 8

How is the calcaneus typically fractured?

• Imaging?
• Treatment?

Answer 8

Traumatic axial loading

Imaging: CT Scan

Treatment:

• Cast Immoblization NWB
  
  • 6 weeks for stress fractures
  • 10-12 weeks for fracture

Question 9

What will you see on exam with a Lisfranc injury?

Answer 9

Medial plantar brusing

Swelling throughout midfoot

Question 10

Define Turf Toe

• What will be c/c?

Answer 10

Hyperextension injury

• disrupts plantar plate & sesamoid complex of hallux MTP
• c/c = inability to push off

Question 11

What is the treatment of hallux rigidus?

Answer 11

Morton’s extension with stiff foot plate

Question 12

What is the most common location of OCD lesion of the talus?

Symptoms?

Treatment?

Answer 12

Medial talar dome
- more posterior

Symptoms:

• Pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms such as catching or locking
• Effusion

Treatment:
- Non-op: short leg cast, NWB for 6 weeks

Question 13

Syndesmotic Ankle Sprain:

MOI:
Sports:
Imaging:
Treatment:

Answer 13

MOI:  
-Extreme ER or DF of the talus
Sports: 
-Football or Downhill Skiing
Imaging: 
-MRI
Treatment:
- NWB in cast or walking boot for 4-6 weeks

Question 14

What is one of the leading causes of flat foot deformity?

Answer 14

Posterior Tibial Dysfunction

Question 15

What nerve is compressed in tarsal tunnel?

What sx will they report?

Answer 15

Posterior Tibial Nerve

Sx:
- radiating pain into the foot

Question 16

What stress fractures are at risk for non-union?

Answer 16

Anterior tibia
Medial malleolous
Talus
Navicular
5th metatarsal
Sesamoids

Question 17

Are ankle braces successful in reducing ankle sprains?

Answer 17

Yes:

Recommend semi-rigid

Question 18

What are the 3 most common areas for compartment syndrome in young athletes?

Answer 18

• Thigh
• Lower Leg
• Medial compartment of the foot

Question 19

Most common location for a morton’s neuroma?

Answer 19

3rd and 4th metatarsal heads