Knee COPY Flashcards
What are the risk factors for PFPS?
- Increased medial patellar mobility
- Decreased quadriceps flexibility
- Decreased lower extremity explosive strength (vertical jump)
Describe plica syndrome
Symptoms?
- thickened and inflamed synovial folds
- usually only the medial plica
Symptoms:
- snapping sensation
- buckling
- knee pain with sitting
Describe Osteochondritis Dissecans
- Most common area affected?
- Symptoms?
- XRays: what view?
- lesion affecting articular cartilage & subchondral bone
Most common: posteriolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
Symptoms:
Pain: vague, poorly localized
Recurrent effusions
XRays: - Tunnel (notch) view
What are the 5 structures of the posteriorlateral Corner
2 muscles: - lateral head of gastroc -popliteus 3 ligaments: - popliteofibular ligament - LCL - Arcuate ligament
What does the PLC serve as the primary restraint to?
Varus stress (LCL most important) ER forces
What does the PCL resist?
Resists posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur
MOI of a PCL injury?
Direct blow to the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia when knee is flexed:
- Football
- Soccer
- Skiing
What test is most SN for a PCL injury?
Most SP?
SN: Posterior Drawer test
SP: Quadriceps Active Test
What % of ACL injuries are:
Direct contact:
Non-contact:
Direct contact: 30%
Non-contact: 70%
ODonohue’s Triad:
Shelbourne & Nitz Triad:
ODonohue’s Triad:
- ACL, MCL, and Medial meniscal tear
Shelbourne & Nitz Triad:
- ACL, MCL + meniscus
Who is at risk for an ACL tear?
- Increased genu valgum
- Decreased knee flexion with landing
What does OATS stand for?
Osteochondral Allograft or Autograft Transplantation
MCL rehab; in early rehab what position should the knee be kept in to minimize loading to the MCL?
knee flexed
Portion of the ACL most often injured when the knee is in extension?
Posterior bundle
Special test most likely to detect an injury to the anterior bundle of the ACL?
Anterior drawer test
Why is the Lachmann’s test useful in detecting ACL tears?
Anterior and posterior bundle are equally stressed
When does the ACL experience the most stress/strain?
0-50 deg of flexion
What is the primary component of articular cartilage?
Type II collagen
Hyaline cartilage is replaced by?
Fibrocartilage
- decreased resilence
What are the key principles to treat patellar dysfunction?
- Emphasize quad strengthening
- Normalize gait mechanics
- Restore volitional control of the quads
What are the 5 diagnostic criteria to diagnose a mensical pathology? (4 of 5 = SP 96%)
- Joint Line tenderness
- Pain with maximum passive knee flexion
- Pain with forceful knee hyperextension
- Pain or audible click with McMurry
- History of mechanical catching or locking by the patient
ACL Non-copers have:
- deficits in quadriceps strength
- vastus lateralis atrophy
- quadriceps activation deficits
- altered knee movement patterns
- reduced knee flexion moment
- greater quadriceps/hamstring cocontraction
