The foot Flashcards
What keeps the arch of the foot in place?
Plantar fascia
Ligaments
Shapes of bones
Muscles of leg (anchor)
What are the three arches of the foot?
Transverse arch
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
What is pes planus?
Fallen arch
What is pes cavus?
High arch
What are the possible causes of pes cavus?
Muscular imbalance
Fibrous contraction of fascia
Neurological conditions (e.g. muscle weakness)
What is the most important supporter of the arch of the foot?
Plantar fascia
What is the organisation of the plantar fascia?
Longitudinal bands connected by transverse bands
What is plantar fasciitis?
Inflammation of plantar fascia Heel pain (mostly in morning/after rest) Worse with prolonged standing
Which tendon supports the transverse arch and lateral arch of the foot?
Fibularis longus tendon
Which ligaments support the longitudinal arch?
Short plantar ligament
Long plantar ligament
What is the function of the spring ligament (complex of 3) of the foot?
Connects the calcaneus with the navicular bone
Holds up the talus
Which tendon supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Tibialis anterior and posterior
Name 4 forefoot pathologies
Claw toe
Hammer toe
Mallet toe
Curly toe
Why forefoot pathology is not caused by ill fitting shoes?
Curly toe
What happens in claw toe?
Hyperextension and hyperflexion at joints in toe
What causes curly toe?
Abnormal congenital development of flexor muscles
- too tight so flexor tendon is too short
What is Hallux Valgus?
Big toe points inwards
Calus forms on metatarsal
Bursa becomes inflamed (bunion)
Due to ill fitting shoes
Which nerve roots supply the foot?
L4, L5, S1
Which part of the foot does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
Dorsum of foot
except first web space
Which part of the foot does the deep fibular nerve supply?
First web space
Which nerves supply the sole of the foot?
Tibial nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Where does the sural nerve come from?
S1
Where does the saphenous nerve come from?
L4
What are the 7 cutaneous nerves of the foot?
Saphenous nerve Deep peroneal nerve Superficial peroneal nerve Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve Tibial nerve (calcaneal branch) Sural nerve
What is the blood supply to the foot?
Dorsalis pedis –> arcuate artery
Medial and lateral plantar arteries for the sole
What is the venous drainage of the foot?
dorsal venous arch –> great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein
What are the bones of the foot?
Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Cuneiforms (3) Metatarsals Phalanges
