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GBE > The foot > Flashcards

The foot Flashcards

1
Q

What keeps the arch of the foot in place?

A

Plantar fascia
Ligaments
Shapes of bones
Muscles of leg (anchor)

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2
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A

Transverse arch
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch

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3
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Fallen arch

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4
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

High arch

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5
Q

What are the possible causes of pes cavus?

A

Muscular imbalance
Fibrous contraction of fascia
Neurological conditions (e.g. muscle weakness)

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6
Q

What is the most important supporter of the arch of the foot?

A

Plantar fascia

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7
Q

What is the organisation of the plantar fascia?

A

Longitudinal bands connected by transverse bands

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8
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A 
Inflammation of plantar fascia
Heel pain (mostly in morning/after rest)
Worse with prolonged standing
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9
Q

Which tendon supports the transverse arch and lateral arch of the foot?

A

Fibularis longus tendon

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10
Q

Which ligaments support the longitudinal arch?

A

Short plantar ligament

Long plantar ligament

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11
Q

What is the function of the spring ligament (complex of 3) of the foot?

A

Connects the calcaneus with the navicular bone

Holds up the talus

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12
Q

Which tendon supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

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13
Q

Name 4 forefoot pathologies

A

Claw toe
Hammer toe
Mallet toe
Curly toe

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14
Q

Why forefoot pathology is not caused by ill fitting shoes?

A

Curly toe

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15
Q

What happens in claw toe?

A

Hyperextension and hyperflexion at joints in toe

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16
Q

What causes curly toe?

A

Abnormal congenital development of flexor muscles

- too tight so flexor tendon is too short

17
Q

What is Hallux Valgus?

A

Big toe points inwards
Calus forms on metatarsal
Bursa becomes inflamed (bunion)
Due to ill fitting shoes

18
Q

Which nerve roots supply the foot?

A

L4, L5, S1

19
Q

Which part of the foot does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A

Dorsum of foot

except first web space

20
Q

Which part of the foot does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A

First web space

21
Q

Which nerves supply the sole of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Medial plantar nerve

22
Q

Where does the sural nerve come from?

A

S1

23
Q

Where does the saphenous nerve come from?

A

L4

24
Q

What are the 7 cutaneous nerves of the foot?

A 
Saphenous nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Tibial nerve (calcaneal branch)
Sural nerve
25
Q

What is the blood supply to the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis –> arcuate artery

Medial and lateral plantar arteries for the sole

26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the foot?

A

dorsal venous arch –> great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein

27
Q

What are the bones of the foot?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms (3)
Metatarsals
Phalanges

GBE (15 decks)

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