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GBE > Hip Region 2 > Flashcards

Hip Region 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 things pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sciatic nerve

Piriformis muscle

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2
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

Extensor of hip and lateral rotator

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3
Q

What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abductors of hip
Medial rotators
Pelvic stabilisers - prevent falling when standing on one leg (anti gravity muscle)

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4
Q

When is gluteus maximus used?

A

When acting against gravity,

e.g. standing up/climbing stairs

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5
Q

Which ligament does gluteus maximus attach to?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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6
Q

What is the fascia lata?

A

Deep fascia of the thigh

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7
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata

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8
Q

Which nerve roots supply gluteus maximus?

A

L5, S1 and S2

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9
Q

Which nerve root supplying gluteus max is commonly damaged?

A

L5

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10
Q

Why does weightlifting cause lateral knee pain?

A

Over use of gluteus maximus - stretching of the iliotibial band

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11
Q

What is the distal attachment of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Which muscles are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A 
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Obturator internus
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13
Q

What does the perforating cutaneous nerve perforate?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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14
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the gluteal region?

A

Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery

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15
Q

What is the safe region for a gluteal injection?

A

Upper lateral quadrant (avoids sciatic nerve)

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16
Q

Do children have a higher or lower angle of inclination?

A

Higher

Coxa valga

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17
Q

What are symptoms of sciatic nerve damage?

A

Pain and paralysis from knee joint down

Foot drop

18
Q

What are the three nerves of the thigh?

A

Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic

19
Q

What are the three openings from the abdomen/pelvis?

A

Femoral (unnamed)
Obturator canal
Greater sciatic foramen

20
Q

What is the blood supply to the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris artery

21
Q

What are the 7 muscles of the anterior thigh?

A 
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Psoas major
Iliacus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
22
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the medial thigh?

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus
23
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)

24
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge joint

25
Q

Which muscle is the main lateral rotator of the knee?

A

Biceps femoris

26
Q

Which muscles are involved in extension of the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris and vasti muscles

27
Q

What forms the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

28
Q

What is the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fasica lata

29
Q

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus

30
Q

List the contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

31
Q

What are the borders of the diamond shaped popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Medial head of gastrocnemius
Lateral head of gastrocnemius

32
Q

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal fascia and skin

33
Q

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Posterior surface of knee joint and posterior surface of femur

34
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

35
Q

What is found embedded in the popliteal fascia?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

36
Q

What are the two main causes of swellings in the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. Baker’s cyst

2. Popliteal aneurysm

37
Q

Which nerve may be compressed by a popliteal aneurysm?

A

Tibial nerve

38
Q

What is Baker’s cyst?

A

Inflammation and swelling of semimembranosus bursa (bursitis)

39
Q

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip/ congenital hip dislocation?

A

The hip joint does not develop properly in babies/children
Hip socket is too shallow
- may dislocate

40
Q

What is Perthe’s disease?

A

Spontaneous avascular necrosis of the femoral head

41
Q

What is slipped femoral epiphysis?

A

Common in early teens.
Backwards hip dislocation.
Growth plate fractures common.

42
Q

What is osteoarthritis of hip?

A

Loss of cartilage - osteophytes develop where there is stress (painful/difficult to move)

GBE (15 decks)

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