Hip Region 2 Flashcards
Which 2 things pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
Sciatic nerve
Piriformis muscle
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
Extensor of hip and lateral rotator
What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?
Abductors of hip
Medial rotators
Pelvic stabilisers - prevent falling when standing on one leg (anti gravity muscle)
When is gluteus maximus used?
When acting against gravity,
e.g. standing up/climbing stairs
Which ligament does gluteus maximus attach to?
Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the fascia lata?
Deep fascia of the thigh
What is the iliotibial tract?
Longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata
Which nerve roots supply gluteus maximus?
L5, S1 and S2
Which nerve root supplying gluteus max is commonly damaged?
L5
Why does weightlifting cause lateral knee pain?
Over use of gluteus maximus - stretching of the iliotibial band
What is the distal attachment of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?
Greater trochanter of femur
Which muscles are the lateral rotators of the hip?
Quadratus femoris Piriformis Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Obturator internus
What does the perforating cutaneous nerve perforate?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Which 3 arteries supply the gluteal region?
Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery
What is the safe region for a gluteal injection?
Upper lateral quadrant (avoids sciatic nerve)
Do children have a higher or lower angle of inclination?
Higher
Coxa valga
What are symptoms of sciatic nerve damage?
Pain and paralysis from knee joint down
Foot drop
What are the three nerves of the thigh?
Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic
What are the three openings from the abdomen/pelvis?
Femoral (unnamed)
Obturator canal
Greater sciatic foramen
What is the blood supply to the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh?
Profunda femoris artery
What are the 7 muscles of the anterior thigh?
Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Psoas major Iliacus Rectus femoris Sartorius Pectineus
What are the 6 muscles of the medial thigh?
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus Pectineus
What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)
What kind of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge joint
Which muscle is the main lateral rotator of the knee?
Biceps femoris
Which muscles are involved in extension of the knee?
Quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris and vasti muscles
What forms the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus
What is the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fasica lata
What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus
List the contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
What are the borders of the diamond shaped popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Medial head of gastrocnemius
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal fascia and skin
What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Posterior surface of knee joint and posterior surface of femur
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
What is found embedded in the popliteal fascia?
Popliteal lymph nodes
What are the two main causes of swellings in the popliteal fossa?
- Baker’s cyst
2. Popliteal aneurysm
Which nerve may be compressed by a popliteal aneurysm?
Tibial nerve
What is Baker’s cyst?
Inflammation and swelling of semimembranosus bursa (bursitis)
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip/ congenital hip dislocation?
The hip joint does not develop properly in babies/children
Hip socket is too shallow
- may dislocate
What is Perthe’s disease?
Spontaneous avascular necrosis of the femoral head
What is slipped femoral epiphysis?
Common in early teens.
Backwards hip dislocation.
Growth plate fractures common.
What is osteoarthritis of hip?
Loss of cartilage - osteophytes develop where there is stress (painful/difficult to move)
