Hand

Question 1

How many interphalangeal joints does the thumb have?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What is the function of the collateral ligaments of the MCP, PIP and DIP joints?

Answer 2

Provide lateral stability

Question 3

What are the 4 bones of the proximal row of bones of the hand?

Answer 3

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Question 4

What are the 4 bones of the distal row of the bones of the hand?

Answer 4

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Question 5

What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 5

Saddle joint

- specifically adapted to allow a wide range of movements

Question 6

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 6

The forearm flexors and extensors

Question 7

Which 5 compartments of the hand are the intrinsic muscles located in?

Answer 7

Thenar
Hypothenar
Adductor
Central
Interosseus

Question 8

Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles?

Answer 8

Median nerve (recurrent branch)

Question 9

Which nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?

Answer 9

Ulnar nerve

Question 10

What is the function of the adductor pollicis muscle?

Answer 10

Adduction of the thumb - provides grip

Question 11

What are the thenar muscles of the hand?

Answer 11

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 12

What are the hypothenar muscles of the hand?

Answer 12

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

Question 13

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 13

Ulnar nerve

Question 14

What are the lumbricals?

Answer 14

Each of 4 lumbricals is associated with a finger

They link the flexor and extensor tendons

Question 15

Where do the lumbricals originate from?

Answer 15

A tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 16

Which nerve innervates the lateral 2 lumbricals?

Answer 16

Median nerve

Question 17

Which nerve innervates the medial 2 lumbricals?

Answer 17

Ulnar nerve

Question 18

What are the two groups of interossei and what are their functions?

Answer 18

Palmar - adduction of fingers

Dorsal - abduction of fingers

Question 19

Which nerve innervates the dorsal interossei?

Answer 19

Ulnar nerve

Question 20

Which nerve innervates the palmar interossei?

Answer 20

Ulnar nerve

Question 21

What does the median nerve supply?

Answer 21

Thenar muscles

First and second lumbricals

Question 22

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 22

Hypothenar muscles
Third and fourth lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
All interosseus muscles

Question 23

What does the radial nerve supply in the hand?

Answer 23

No motor branches

But does send sensory branches to dorsal aspect

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the hand?

Answer 24

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Question 25

What is the venous drainage of the hand?

Answer 25

Superficial/ deep venous palmar arch –> cephalic vein

Question 26

What is skier’s thumb?

Answer 26

Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint
(Fall on outstretched thumb)

Question 27

What is mallet finger?

Answer 27

Tear of tendon that straightens end of finger

Question 28

What is trigger finger?

Answer 28

Finger locks as it is bent towards palm
Due to thickening of mouth of a tendon tunnel - tendon catches in it
More common in Type 1 diabetics and RA patients

Question 29

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

Answer 29

Shortening, thickening, fibrosis of palmar fascia

often 4th and 5th digits

Question 30

Which joint of the hand is commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

Answer 30

Joint between the metacarpal and trapezium bones (base of thumb)
Due to loss of cartilage

Question 31

What is the difference in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis?

Answer 31

Osteoarthritis preferentially affects distal pharangeal joints