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GBE > Neurology of the lower limb > Flashcards

Neurology of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

How can spinal roots be tested following lower limb nerve injuries?

A

Test dermatomes and myotomes

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2
Q

What region of skin is in the L1 dermatome?

A

Groin level

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3
Q

What region of skin is in the L4 dermatome?

A

Anywhere on medial aspect of leg.

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4
Q

What region of skin is in the S2 dermatome?

A

Middle/back of thigh

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5
Q

What region of skin is in the S3 dermatome?

A

Gluteal region

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6
Q

Which dermatome do you walk on?

A

S1

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7
Q

Which dermatome do you sit on?

A

S3

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8
Q

What symptoms would a patient with S1 lesion experience?

A

Can’t feel interaction with the ground.

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9
Q

What do the cluneal nerves supply?

A

Cutaneous nerves of the buttocks

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies the first web space?

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)

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11
Q

If a patient has a suspected peroneal injury, which areas of the lower limb should be tested?

A

Test dorsum of foot and first web space (lost deep branch as well as superficial?)

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12
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply? (L2, L3)

A

Skin over lateral aspect of thigh

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13
Q

Which region of skin does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior thigh

Medial aspect of leg

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14
Q

Which region of skin does the superficial peroneal nerve supply (L5, S1)?

A

Lower lateral leg

Dorsum of foot (except first web space)

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15
Q

Which region of skin does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Sole of foot and posterior part of leg

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16
Q

Which myotomes are involved in flexion of the hip?

A

L2 and L3

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17
Q

Which myotomes are involved in extension of the hip?

A

L4 and L5

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18
Q

Which myotomes are involved in extension of the knee?

A

L3 and L4

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19
Q

Which myotomes are involved in flexion of the knee?

A

L5 and S1

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20
Q

Which myotomes are involved in extension of the ankle?

A

L4 and L5

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21
Q

Which myotomes are involved in flexion of the ankle?

A

S1 and S2

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22
Q

Which myotomes are involved in the inversion of the foot?

A

L4 and L5

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23
Q

Which myotomes are involved in the eversion of the foot?

A

L5 and S1

24
Q

Which nerve roots supply the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

S2 and S3

25
Q

Which nerve root is responsible for dorsiflexion of the big toe?

A

L5

26
Q

Which nerve roots are responsible for moving the toes closer together?

A

S2 and S3

27
Q

Which of femoral and obturator is A and P?

A

Anterior - obturator nerve

Posterior - femoral nerve

28
Q

Which nerves supply the hip joint and knee joint?

A

Obturator nerve

Femoral nerve

29
Q

Under what conditions may the nerves of the lumbar plexus be damaged?

A

Inflammation of psoas major

Pus in psoas sheath (TB)

30
Q

Which muscle protects the nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Psoas major

31
Q

What is the position of the femoral nerve relative to psoas?

A

Lateral

32
Q

What is the position of the obturator nerve relative to psoas?

A

Medial

33
Q

Which muscles protect the femoral nerve?

A

Abdominal muscles

34
Q

Where might hip joint pain be referred to?

A

Knees

35
Q

Why is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve easily damaged?

A

Becomes cutaneous almost immediately after it comes through inguinal ligament

36
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica/

A

Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

37
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

T12-L4

38
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S3

39
Q

Paralysis of which nerve causes a positive Trendelenburg sign?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

40
Q

Parlalysis of which nerve causes difficulty in climbing stairs?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

41
Q

What are the anterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

Tibial nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris

42
Q

What are the posterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

Common peroneal
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal

43
Q

Which nerve can be damaged by sitting on a hard chair?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

44
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasica lata
Hip joint

45
Q

Which muscle is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus maximus

46
Q

Which nerve supplies the hamstrings then divides into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?

A

Sciatic nerve

47
Q

What condition occurs due to damage of the sciatic nerve?

A

Sciatica

48
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

Compression of common peroneal component of sciatic nerve

Causes loss of muscle tone in anterior leg (foot drop)

49
Q

Where is the sciatic nerve prone to injury?

A

Where it goes through tarsal tunnel

50
Q

Which nerve is it more common to damage - tibial nerve or common peroneal nerve?

A

Common peroneal - either as it comes up the piriformis or when it goes around the neck of fibula after going through popliteal fossa

51
Q

Damage to which nerve at the level of the neck of the fibula can cause an important neurological problem?

A

Common peroneal nerve

52
Q

Which area of skin does the obturator nerve supply sensory innervation?

A

Inner thigh

53
Q

Which area of skin does the femoral nerve supply sensory innervation?

A

Anterior part of thigh and leg

54
Q

Which area of skin does the tibial nerve supply sensory innervation?

A

Posterior part of leg and sole of foot

55
Q

Which area of skin does the common peroneal nerve supply sensory innervation?

A

Lateral part of leg

GBE (15 decks)

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