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Hip Region 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main veins in the superficial fascia of the lower limb?

A

Greater saphenous vein
Lesser saphenous vein
Cutaneous nerves

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2
Q

What are the main types of deep fascia in the lower limb?

A

Fascia Lata (gluteal)
Popliteal fascia
Crural fascia
Plantar fascia

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3
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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5
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

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6
Q

What is the function of the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Extend knee, flex hip

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7
Q

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?

A

Adduction of hip

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8
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extend hip, flex knee

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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10
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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12
Q

What is the function of the anterior muscles of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of foot

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13
Q

What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of foot

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14
Q

What is the function of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantar flexion

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15
Q

What is the function of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexors of digits

Inversion of foot

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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18
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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19
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral leg?

A

Fibular artery

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20
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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21
Q

What are the six main nerves of the lower limb?

A 
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Femoral 
Obturator
Sciatic - tibial 
Sciatic - common fibula (deep and superficial)
22
Q

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery (from external iliac)

23
Q

What are the four pulse points of the lower limb?

A

Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis

24
Q

What does the lesser saphenous vein pierce?

A

Deep fascia

25
Q

Which lymph nodes receive lymph from lower back and gluteal region?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

26
Q

Which direction of extension of the hip is more restricted?

A

Backwards as the ligaments tighten up

27
Q

What happens to hip ligaments during flexion of the hip?

A

They relax

28
Q

During what movement is dislocation of the hip more likely to occur?

A

Flexion of hip

29
Q

What limits abduction of the hip?

A

Greater trochanter of femur - gets v close to pelvis

30
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The hip socket

31
Q

What goes through the acetabular notch?

A

Obturator nerve

32
Q

What attaches to the lunate surface of the acetabulum?

33
Q

What attaches to the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

A

Lateral rotators of the hip joint

34
Q

Around which axis does rotation happen?

A

Mechanical axis

35
Q

Which age group have a higher angle of inclination of the hip? What is the name for this?

A

Children

Coxa valga

36
Q

Do women have a higher or lower angle of inclination? What is the name for this?

A

Lower

Coxa vara

37
Q

What is the angle of declination?

A

Puts shaft of femur further away from head due to centres of gravity

38
Q

What causes toe in gate?

A

Excessive angle of declination - puts strain on hip joint

Patients readjust angle to make hips more in alignment

39
Q

What deepens the lunate surface?

A

Ring of cartilage

40
Q

What does the acetabular labrum do?

A

Deepens the socket

41
Q

What are the capsular ligaments?

A 
Strengthen hip capsule
V strong
1. Iliofemoral ligament
2. Pubofemoral ligament
3. Ischiofemoral ligament
42
Q

What stabilises the hip joint?

A

Ligaments (esp)
Depth of socket
Muscle tone

43
Q

What causes ‘bean stance’?

A

Muscle tone relaxation
Ligaments take up the strain
Tendency to arch back
e.g. in cerebral palsy

44
Q

What is the key blood supply to the hip joint?

A

Profunda femoris artery

45
Q

Which arteries are important for the blood supply to the head of the femur?

A

Circumflex femoral arteries

46
Q

What kind of fracture of the hip can interrupt the blood supply?

A

Fracture through neck of femur

- interrupts retinacular branches

47
Q

Which way does the leg turn in a hip joint dislocation?

A

Leg turns inwards

48
Q

What condition is associated with hip fracture?

A

Osteoporosis (esp in women)

49
Q

Which way does the leg turn in a hip fracture?

50
Q

Which line is disrupted in a hip dislocation and a hip fracture?

A

Shenton’s line

51
Q

What does a femoral neck fracture cause?

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

GBE (15 decks)

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