The Foot Flashcards
Most proximal bone of the foot
Talus
5 Tarsal Bones
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms (3)
What is the top of the talus called?
Trochlea
A.K.A. for the Trochlea
The dome of the talus
What does the medial and lateral talus articulate with?
Medial and Lateral malleoli of the tibia/fibula by the facet of medial/lateral malleolus
Is the posterior or anterior side of the talus wider?
Anterior
Where is the head of the talus?
Anterior portion
Where is the body of the talus?
Posterior portion
WHere is the neck of the talus?
Between head and body
Where is the talus in relation to the calcaneus?
It “sits” on top. (proximal)
What is the “heel” bone?
Calcaneus
Which is the largest bone in the foot?
Calcaneus
Refers to the big toe
Hallucis/ Hallux
What part of the calcaneus makes contact with the ground?
Tuberosity of the calcaneus
How many bones in the foot?
26
What are the bones of the foot?
Tarsal bones (7) Metatarsal bones (5) Phalanges (14)
Dorsal Surface
Top of the foot
Plantar Surface
Sole of the foot
A.k.a dorsal surface
Posterior Surface
A.k.a Plantar surface
Volar Surface
Volar A.k.a
Anterior
Two processes on the calcaneus
Medial/Lateral Tubercle
The attachment point for plantar fascia
Medial Tubercle of the calcaneus
A medially projecting shelf of the calcaneus that supports part of the talus
Sustentaculum Tali
What would happen to our feet without the sustentaculum tali?
We would be flat-foot
A small tubercle anterior and inferior to the tip of the lateral malleolus
Fibular (peroneal) Trochlea (tubercle)
A hollow on the lateral aspect of the foot
Sinus Tarsi
What forms the Tarsal Sinus?
Groove of the talus and the groove of the calcaneus
Where is the Groove for Flexor Hellucis Longus located?
Inferoposterior to the sustentaculum tali
Medial aspect of the foot
Navicular
Where is the navicular tuberosity palpable?
The medial side
How many cuneiform bones are there? What are they called?
3
1st, 2nd, 3rd or medial, intermediate, lateral
What bone does the cuneiforms “extend” off of?
Navicular
Lateral aspect of the foot
Cuboid
What groove is associated with the cuboid?
Groove for the Peroneus Longus Tendon
How many metatarsals do you have? How are the labelled?
5
Labelled 1-5 going medial to lateral
What are the three parts to a metatarsal?
Base (proximal end), Shaft, Head (distal end)
Which metatarsal has a tuberosity? What is it known as? Where is it located?
5th metatarsal
Known as styloid process
Lateral side of the base
What differs the 1st metatarsal from the other 4?
It has two sesamoid bones
Which view can you see the sesamoid bones of the 1st metatarsal?
Plantar
What are your toes called?
Phalanges
How many phalanges do you have in total? How many on each toe?
14 Phalanges total, 3 on each toe with the exception of the big toe(1st), it has 2
What consists of the hindfoot?
Talus and calcaneus
What consists of the midfoot?
Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiform
What consists of the forefoot?
5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges
What consists of the ball of the foot?
the padded portion of the sole of the foot at the metatarsal heads
What plane does dorsiflexion and plantarflexion happen in?
Saggital Plane
What is dorsiflexion?
Dorsal surface of the foot moves superiorly
What is plantarflexion?
Plantar surface moves inferiorly
Movement of the sole of the foot towards the mid-saggital plane is..
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot away from the mid-saggital plane is..
Eversion
What plane does Inversion and eversion happen?
Frontal Plane
Movement of the forefoot away from the mid-saggital plane is..
Abduction of the forefoot
Movement of the forefoot towards the mid-saggital plane
Adduction of the forefoot
What plane is abduction/adduction of the forefoot?
Transverse plane (Vertical axis)
A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, forefoot abduction
Pronation
A combination movement of plantar flexion, inversion, forefoot adduction
Supination
“Up and Out”
Pronation
“Down and In”
Supination
