The Field of Blood and the Problems of Outremer, c.1119-1149 Flashcards
Which Muslim leader scored a comprehensive victory against the Franks in 1119?
Il-Ghazi
When did the army of Il-Ghazi surround the army of Roger of Antioch?
28 June 1119
Where did the battle of the Field of Blood take place?
Sarmuda
Which Aleppan preacher inspired the Muslim forces before the Field of Blood?
Ibn al-Khashshab
What became more explicitly referenced in the inscriptions on Muslim leaders’ tombs after 1119?
Jihad
The memorial of which Muslim ruler of Damascus noted his alleged role as a defender of Islam?
Tughtegin
Which nephew and successor of Il-Ghazi sought to build upon the mythos surrounding his uncle’s victory?
Balak
What was Il-Ghazi allegedly fond of that may have made him a poor role model for Muslim unity?
Alcohol
In what year did Il-Ghazi die?
1122
Who divided up Il-Ghazi’s territories after he died and fought each other?
his sons
Who did Balak capture in the autumn of 1122?
Joscelin I of Edessa
Who did Balak capture in April 1123?
Baldwin II
Which city’s siege did Balak not get to because he was fighting a rebel when he died in 1124?
Tyre
Which major Muslim Syrian city had three different rulers between 1122 and 1128?
Aleppo
Which ruler of Aleppo between 1124 and 1125 was mainly concerned with taking his brother’s lands?
Timurtash
On how many occasions between 1110 and 1137 did the kings of Jerusalem intervene to assist Antioch?
Fifteen
When did Il-Ghazi threaten Antioch again, causing Baldwin II to march north to his barons’ annoyance?
June 1120
Which nation’s continuing claims on Antioch made it feel even less secure after the defeat of 1119?
Byzantium
Who was the royal chancellor that Baldwin II took with him on his intervention in the north in 1122?
Pagan
What relic’s removal to travel with the king of Jerusalem unnerved the population of his kingdom?
True Cross
Which crusader state begrudged the lack of Antiochene support at the siege of Tyre?
Kingdom of Jerusalem
When was there a massacre of pilgrims that in addition to Field of Blood led to the Templars’ creation?
Easter 1119
How many Christian pilgrims were massacred near the River Jordan at Easter 1119?
Three hundred
Where did leaders of the kingdom of Jerusalem meet and agree to ask for European aid in 1120?
Nablus
Which pope did the Franks of Outremer appeal to for aid following the Field of Blood?
Calixtus II
Which Italian city-state responded to the request made for aid after the Field of Blood?
Venice
When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?
May 1123
How many ships did the Venetians send to aid Outremer in 1122?
Seventy
Which city did Baldwin II launch an abortive campaign against in 1129, exploiting the new aid?
Damascus
In what year did the Franks, with Venetian assistance, capture the vital city of Tyre?
1124
Which major port city was captured in 1124 with the assistance of the Venetians?
Tyre
At which battle in June 1125 did Baldwin II decisively defeat a much larger Muslim army?
Azaz
Which daughter of Baldwin II did Fulk marry to become ruler of Jerusalem?
Melisende
Which daughter of Baldwin II’s attempts to rule in Antioch after 1130 caused instability?
Alice
Which Prince of Antioch was killed in battle in 1130 just four years after his arrival?
Bohemond II
Who led Frankish resistance to Fulk in 1134 and then fled to exile after an assassination attempt?
Hugh of Jaffa
Which significant fortress was built in 1142 to give access to the Red Sea in the south?
Kerak
Which Fatimid city did Fulk surround by castles including Blanche Garde and Ibelin?
Ascalon
Which Muslim ruler gained control of Aleppo in 1128 and became the major threat to the Franks?
Zengi
Where did the Franks defeat a Muslim army in January 1126 but fail in their objective to capture Damascus?
Marj al-Saffar
Which person murdered Ismail of Damascus in 1135 to stop her son delivering it to Zengi?
Zumurrud
Which city did John II besiege with Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin of Edessa in 1138?
Shaizar
Why did the siege of Shaizar fail in 1138?
Frankish sabotage
Why was John II unable to remain in control of Antioch after 1138?
Internal revolt
Who formally acknowledged that he was John II’s vassal in 1137?
Raymond of Antioch
Who did Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin II of Edessa fail to help in 1138?
John II
At which battle in 1131 was Pons of Tripoli defeated by Fulk of Jerusalem?
Rugia
Which leader helped to capture Tyre in 1124 when Baldwin II was in captivity?
Pons of Tripoli
In what year was Pons taken prisoner by the ruler of Damascus and then executed?
1137
Which daughter of Baldwin II did Raymond II of Tripoli marry in 1137?
Hodierna
Who did Raymond II consider to blame for the death of his father Pons?
Syrian Christians
In what year did Raymond II establish the Knights Hospitaller in the County of Tripoli?
1142
Which immense castle did Raymond II donate to the Hospitallers by 1144?
Krak des Chevaliers
Which legitimate challenger to Raymond II’s rulership of Tripoli died mysteriously in 1148?
Alfonso-Jordan
Which group rescued Joscelin I of Edessa from captivity in 1123?
Armenians
Who did Joscelin II form an alliance with leaving Edessa lightly defended in 1144?
Kara Arslan
When did Zengi attack and seize the city of Edessa?
24 December 1144
Which crusader state did Joscelin II come into conflict with meaning he got no support in 1144?
Principality of Antioch
When did Nureddin succeed his father Zengi and begin to unite Muslims?
September 1146
What actions against Baltic pagans reduced German support for the Second Crusade?
The Wendish Crusade
Where else did Eugenius III grant crusading privileges against Muslims?
Spain
Which powerful Queen of France accompanied Louis VII on the Second Crusade?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Which Norman ruler’s attacks on Byzantium limited its willingness to help the Second Crusade?
Roger II of Sicily
Who had made peace with Seljuk Rum so that he could deal with the Norman threat?
Manuel I
Which city was successfully captured by English crusaders in late 1147?
Lisbon (Portugal)
Which route did Conrad III take across Anatolia in 1147 against Byzantine advice?
Overland
Where did Conrad III divide his Second Crusade forces after internal divisions?
Nicaea
Where were the German forces annihilated by the Turks in October 1147?
Dorylaeum
Which route did Louis VII take across Anatolia during the Second Crusade?
Coastal
Why did the French lose significant forces in Anatolia during the Second Crusade?
Poor discipline
From where did Louis VII sail during the Second Crusade, abandoning his army?
Attalia
Which city did Raymond of Antioch unsuccessfully urge Louis VII to attack?
Aleppo
Who did Louis VII alienate after previously refusing to help Raymond of Antioch?
Raymond II of Tripoli
Where did the crusaders and Franks meet to decide upon a target in June 1148?
Acre
Which potential Second Crusade target was rejected by the Haut Cour at Acre in June 1148?
Ascalon
Whose arguments with his mother, Melisende, added to the tensions on the Second Crusade?
Baldwin III
Where, outside Damascus, were the Second Crusaders first camped in late June 1148?
Well-watered orchards
Where, outside Damascus, did the Second Crusaders unwisely move to in late June 1148?
Arid East
Whose relief force’s imminent arrival caused the Second crusaders to flee from Damascus in late June 1148?
Nureddin
