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13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 > The Field of Blood and the Problems of Outremer, c.1119-1149 > Flashcards

The Field of Blood and the Problems of Outremer, c.1119-1149 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Muslim leader scored a comprehensive victory against the Franks in 1119?

A

Il-Ghazi

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2
Q

When did the army of Il-Ghazi surround the army of Roger of Antioch?

A

28 June 1119

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3
Q

Where did the battle of the Field of Blood take place?

A

Sarmuda

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4
Q

Which Aleppan preacher inspired the Muslim forces before the Field of Blood?

A

Ibn al-Khashshab

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5
Q

What became more explicitly referenced in the inscriptions on Muslim leaders’ tombs after 1119?

A

Jihad

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6
Q

The memorial of which Muslim ruler of Damascus noted his alleged role as a defender of Islam?

A

Tughtegin

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7
Q

Which nephew and successor of Il-Ghazi sought to build upon the mythos surrounding his uncle’s victory?

A

Balak

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8
Q

What was Il-Ghazi allegedly fond of that may have made him a poor role model for Muslim unity?

A

Alcohol

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9
Q

In what year did Il-Ghazi die?

A

1122

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10
Q

Who divided up Il-Ghazi’s territories after he died and fought each other?

A

his sons

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11
Q

Who did Balak capture in the autumn of 1122?

A

Joscelin I of Edessa

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12
Q

Who did Balak capture in April 1123?

A

Baldwin II

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13
Q

Which city’s siege did Balak not get to because he was fighting a rebel when he died in 1124?

A

Tyre

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14
Q

Which major Muslim Syrian city had three different rulers between 1122 and 1128?

A

Aleppo

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15
Q

Which ruler of Aleppo between 1124 and 1125 was mainly concerned with taking his brother’s lands?

A

Timurtash

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16
Q

On how many occasions between 1110 and 1137 did the kings of Jerusalem intervene to assist Antioch?

A

Fifteen

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17
Q

When did Il-Ghazi threaten Antioch again, causing Baldwin II to march north to his barons’ annoyance?

A

June 1120

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18
Q

Which nation’s continuing claims on Antioch made it feel even less secure after the defeat of 1119?

A

Byzantium

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19
Q

Who was the royal chancellor that Baldwin II took with him on his intervention in the north in 1122?

A

Pagan

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20
Q

What relic’s removal to travel with the king of Jerusalem unnerved the population of his kingdom?

A

True Cross

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21
Q

Which crusader state begrudged the lack of Antiochene support at the siege of Tyre?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

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22
Q

When was there a massacre of pilgrims that in addition to Field of Blood led to the Templars’ creation?

A

Easter 1119

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23
Q

How many Christian pilgrims were massacred near the River Jordan at Easter 1119?

A

Three hundred

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24
Q

Where did leaders of the kingdom of Jerusalem meet and agree to ask for European aid in 1120?

A

Nablus

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25
Q

Which pope did the Franks of Outremer appeal to for aid following the Field of Blood?

A

Calixtus II

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26
Q

Which Italian city-state responded to the request made for aid after the Field of Blood?

A

Venice

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27
Q

When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?

A

May 1123

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28
Q

How many ships did the Venetians send to aid Outremer in 1122?

A

Seventy

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29
Q

Which city did Baldwin II launch an abortive campaign against in 1129, exploiting the new aid?

A

Damascus

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30
Q

In what year did the Franks, with Venetian assistance, capture the vital city of Tyre?

A

1124

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31
Q

Which major port city was captured in 1124 with the assistance of the Venetians?

A

Tyre

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32
Q

At which battle in June 1125 did Baldwin II decisively defeat a much larger Muslim army?

A

Azaz

33
Q

Which daughter of Baldwin II did Fulk marry to become ruler of Jerusalem?

A

Melisende

34
Q

Which daughter of Baldwin II’s attempts to rule in Antioch after 1130 caused instability?

A

Alice

35
Q

Which Prince of Antioch was killed in battle in 1130 just four years after his arrival?

A

Bohemond II

36
Q

Who led Frankish resistance to Fulk in 1134 and then fled to exile after an assassination attempt?

A

Hugh of Jaffa

37
Q

Which significant fortress was built in 1142 to give access to the Red Sea in the south?

A

Kerak

38
Q

Which Fatimid city did Fulk surround by castles including Blanche Garde and Ibelin?

A

Ascalon

39
Q

Which Muslim ruler gained control of Aleppo in 1128 and became the major threat to the Franks?

A

Zengi

40
Q

Where did the Franks defeat a Muslim army in January 1126 but fail in their objective to capture Damascus?

A

Marj al-Saffar

41
Q

Which person murdered Ismail of Damascus in 1135 to stop her son delivering it to Zengi?

A

Zumurrud

42
Q

Which city did John II besiege with Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin of Edessa in 1138?

A

Shaizar

43
Q

Why did the siege of Shaizar fail in 1138?

A

Frankish sabotage

44
Q

Why was John II unable to remain in control of Antioch after 1138?

A

Internal revolt

45
Q

Who formally acknowledged that he was John II’s vassal in 1137?

A

Raymond of Antioch

46
Q

Who did Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin II of Edessa fail to help in 1138?

A

John II

47
Q

At which battle in 1131 was Pons of Tripoli defeated by Fulk of Jerusalem?

A

Rugia

48
Q

Which leader helped to capture Tyre in 1124 when Baldwin II was in captivity?

A

Pons of Tripoli

49
Q

In what year was Pons taken prisoner by the ruler of Damascus and then executed?

A

1137

50
Q

Which daughter of Baldwin II did Raymond II of Tripoli marry in 1137?

A

Hodierna

51
Q

Who did Raymond II consider to blame for the death of his father Pons?

A

Syrian Christians

52
Q

In what year did Raymond II establish the Knights Hospitaller in the County of Tripoli?

A

1142

53
Q

Which immense castle did Raymond II donate to the Hospitallers by 1144?

A

Krak des Chevaliers

54
Q

Which legitimate challenger to Raymond II’s rulership of Tripoli died mysteriously in 1148?

A

Alfonso-Jordan

55
Q

Which group rescued Joscelin I of Edessa from captivity in 1123?

A

Armenians

56
Q

Who did Joscelin II form an alliance with leaving Edessa lightly defended in 1144?

A

Kara Arslan

57
Q

When did Zengi attack and seize the city of Edessa?

A

24 December 1144

58
Q

Which crusader state did Joscelin II come into conflict with meaning he got no support in 1144?

A

Principality of Antioch

59
Q

When did Nureddin succeed his father Zengi and begin to unite Muslims?

A

September 1146

60
Q

What actions against Baltic pagans reduced German support for the Second Crusade?

A

The Wendish Crusade

61
Q

Where else did Eugenius III grant crusading privileges against Muslims?

A

Spain

62
Q

Which powerful Queen of France accompanied Louis VII on the Second Crusade?

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

63
Q

Which Norman ruler’s attacks on Byzantium limited its willingness to help the Second Crusade?

A

Roger II of Sicily

64
Q

Who had made peace with Seljuk Rum so that he could deal with the Norman threat?

A

Manuel I

65
Q

Which city was successfully captured by English crusaders in late 1147?

A

Lisbon (Portugal)

66
Q

Which route did Conrad III take across Anatolia in 1147 against Byzantine advice?

A

Overland

67
Q

Where did Conrad III divide his Second Crusade forces after internal divisions?

A

Nicaea

68
Q

Where were the German forces annihilated by the Turks in October 1147?

A

Dorylaeum

69
Q

Which route did Louis VII take across Anatolia during the Second Crusade?

A

Coastal

70
Q

Why did the French lose significant forces in Anatolia during the Second Crusade?

A

Poor discipline

71
Q

From where did Louis VII sail during the Second Crusade, abandoning his army?

A

Attalia

72
Q

Which city did Raymond of Antioch unsuccessfully urge Louis VII to attack?

A

Aleppo

73
Q

Who did Louis VII alienate after previously refusing to help Raymond of Antioch?

A

Raymond II of Tripoli

74
Q

Where did the crusaders and Franks meet to decide upon a target in June 1148?

A

Acre

75
Q

Which potential Second Crusade target was rejected by the Haut Cour at Acre in June 1148?

A

Ascalon

76
Q

Whose arguments with his mother, Melisende, added to the tensions on the Second Crusade?

A

Baldwin III

77
Q

Where, outside Damascus, were the Second Crusaders first camped in late June 1148?

A

Well-watered orchards

78
Q

Where, outside Damascus, did the Second Crusaders unwisely move to in late June 1148?

A

Arid East

79
Q

Whose relief force’s imminent arrival caused the Second crusaders to flee from Damascus in late June 1148?

A

Nureddin

13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 (12 decks)

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