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13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 > Franks, Eastern Christians, Byzantines and the Latin West, c.1119-1149 > Flashcards

Franks, Eastern Christians, Byzantines and the Latin West, c.1119-1149 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Christians were prominent in the county of Tripoli and the northernmost kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Maronites

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2
Q

Which Eastern Christians were numerous in the states of Antioch and Edessa?

A

Armenians

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3
Q

Which followers of the Syrian Orthodox Church were on generally amicable terms with the Franks?

A

Jacobites

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4
Q

Which ethnic group made up the majority of the population in the principality of Antioch?

A

Greeks

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5
Q

Who had encouraged the migration of Christians of all types to his kingdom before 1118?

A

Baldwin I

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6
Q

What did all non-Franks have to pay in the crusader states?

A

Poll Tax

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7
Q

What were imposed upon Greek Orthodox priests?

A

Latin bishops

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8
Q

When did John II succeed Alexius I as Byzantine emperor?

A

1118

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9
Q

Who did John II fight against in Anatolia between 1130 and 1135?

A

Danishmends

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10
Q

Which city along with Mamistra and Adana did John II reconquer from the Armenians in 1137?

A

Tarsus

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11
Q

What did John II have to conquer to open up a land route to Antioch?

A

Cilicia

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12
Q

Who formally acknowledged that he was John II’s vassal in 1137?

A

Raymond of Antioch

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13
Q

Who did John II wish to assist the northern Franks against?

A

Zengi

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14
Q

Which city along with Shaizar, Homs and Hama was Raymond to rule instead of Antioch?

A

Aleppo

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15
Q

Which city did John II besiege with Raymond of Antioch and Joscelin of Edessa in 1138?

A

Shaizar

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16
Q

Why did the siege of Shaizar fail in 1138?

A

Frankish sabotage

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17
Q

Why was John II unable to remain in control of Antioch after 1138?

A

Internal revolt

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18
Q

Whose death in 1143 prevented him from returning to assert his rights over Antioch?

A

John II

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19
Q

Who was the Latin Patriarch of Antioch between 1135 and 1139?

A

Roger of Domfort

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20
Q

Who was the Latin Patriarch of Antioch between 1139 and 1193?

A

Aimery of Limoges

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21
Q

Which pope did the Franks of Outremer appeal to for aid following the Field of Blood?

A

Calixtus II

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22
Q

Which Italian city-state responded to the request made for aid after the Field of Blood?

A

Venice

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23
Q

When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?

A

May 1123

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24
Q

How many ships did the Venetians send to aid Outremer in 1122?

A

Seventy

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25
Q

At which battle were the forces of Roger of Antioch annihilated in 1119?

A

Field of Blood

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26
Q

Which Byzantine Island did the Venetian crusaders attempt to seize in 1122-23?

A

Corfu

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27
Q

When did the help sent from the Venetians after the Field of Blood arrive?

A

May 1123

28
Q

One hundred and twenty of what were sent by Venetians to aid Outremer in 1122?

A

ships

29
Q

Who was captured in battle in 1122 and became a prisoner of Balak?

A

Joscelin I

30
Q

Who was captured in 1123 after coming north to look after the County of Edessa?

A

Baldwin II

31
Q

What did Bernard of Clairvaux write in 1129 in defence of the military orders?

A

In Praise of the New Chivalry

32
Q

Who did Constantine of Antioch marry in 1136 to bring new leadership and manpower?

A

Raymond of Poitiers

33
Q

Why was the county of Edessa geographically vulnerable to attack?

A

physically remote

34
Q

Which type of European aid rarely came to Edessa?

A

Pilgrims

35
Q

Which daughter of Baldwin II married Fulk in 1129 to bring new leadership and aid?

A

Melisende

36
Q

Where did the count of Edessa often live (far away from Edessa itself)?

A

Turbessel

37
Q

Which king of Jerusalem died in 1143 leaving a child to succeed him?

A

Fulk

38
Q

Which crusader state was slow to respond to Edessa’s plight because its king was young?

A

Jerusalem

39
Q

Who was the new king of Jerusalem from 1143?

A

Baldwin III

40
Q

Which state’s ruler had Joscelin II of Edessa fallen out with before 1144?

A

Antioch

41
Q

Which Byzantine emperor’s support and overlordship had Antioch and Edessa undermined?

A

John II

42
Q

Which Muslim ruler had united Mosul and Aleppo under his rule by the 1130s?

A

Zengi

43
Q

Which rivals dynasty opposed to Zengi had Joscelin II allied himself with?

A

Artuqids

44
Q

What did Zengi use to undermine the walls of Edessa in December 1144?

A

sappers

45
Q

Why had interest in crusading generally declined before 1144?

A

Failure of the 1101 crusade

46
Q

What had Louis VII planned before the fall of Edessa in 1144?

A

Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

47
Q

What was offered to crusaders by the papal bull for the Second Crusade?

A

Remittance of sins

48
Q

What increased feudal obligation as a possible motivation for Second crusaders?

A

Participation of kings

49
Q

How long was Bernard of Clairvaux’s preaching tour for the Second Crusade?

A

Seven months

50
Q

What economic consideration was promised by Eugenius III for Second crusaders?

A

Protection of possessions

51
Q

What was the name of the papal bull that launched the Second Crusade?

A

Quantum Praedecessores

52
Q

Who did Bernard inspire to participate in the Second Crusade when he was in Germany?

A

Conrad III

53
Q

What was Bernard keen to suppress during his preaching of the Second Crusade?

A

Anti-Semitism

54
Q

Which brother of Louis VII had died before fulfilling his crusading oath?

A

Philip

55
Q

Which city’s capture prompted the Eugenius II to issue a call to crusade?

A

Edessa

56
Q

When was Quantum Praedecessores issued launching the Second Crusade?

A

December 1145

57
Q

Which French church had Louis VII been excommunicated for burning down in 1142?

A

Vitry

58
Q

How did Bernard refer to those given the ‘opportunity’ to go on the Second Crusade?

A

The ‘Lucky Generation’

59
Q

What did Conrad III hope to assert on the Second Crusade?

A

Imperial authority

60
Q

What made knights want to be as heroic as their ancestors on the First Crusade?

A

social pressure

61
Q

Which pope called for a Second Crusade in December 1145?

A

Eugenius III

62
Q

Who did pope Eugenius III recruit to preach the Second Crusade?

A

Bernard of Clairvaux

63
Q

Which Seljuk Sultan of Rum’s forces defeated the German Second Crusade at 2nd Dorylaeum in October 1147?

A

Masud

64
Q

Where did an alliance of Masud of Rum and the Danishmends defeat the French Second Crusaders in January 1148?

A

Mount Cadmus

65
Q

Which French crusader did Louis VII and Conrad III want to rule Damascus after its expected capture?

A

Thierry of Flanders

66
Q

Which Frankish baron did the Franks of the Kingdom of Jerusalem want to rule Damascus after its expected capture?

A

Guy Brisbarre

13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 (12 decks)

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