Crusading c.1095-c.1129 Flashcards
Who betrayed the city of Antioch to the First crusaders in June 1098?
Firouz
Which people attempted to forge an alliance with the First crusaders at Antioch?
Fatimids
Which battle resulted in the decisive defeat of Kilij Arslan during the First Crusade?
Dorylaeum
Which person accompanied the First crusaders as Alexius’ representative and guide?
Taticius
What was helpful to the morale of the First crusaders in the battle with Kerbogha at Antioch?
Holy Lance
Whose military skill was decisive at Dorylaeum and Antioch on the First Crusade?
Bohemond
Which Muslim leader’s dispute with his brother Duqaq of Damascus, hampered efforts to defeat the crusaders?
Ridwan
Which city had just recently been recaptured by the Fatimids when the crusaders arrived?
Jerusalem
The collapse of what in Syria and Palestine made the First Crusade easier?
Seljuk Empire
Where did the First crusaders pull down the walls to force their leaders to push on?
Ma’arrat
What were of vital importance to the First crusaders at Jerusalem?
Siege Equipment
Which Byzantine territory was essential to provisioning the First Crusaders at Antioch?
Cyprus
Which city was captured in Baldwin II’s reign (1124) with the aid of Venice?
Tyre
Which crusader state received least support from Europe and was most exposed?
County of Edessa
Which crusader state received the most support from Western Europe and pilgrims?
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Which group led a minor crusade that assisted in the capture of Sidon in 1110?
Norwegians
The extermination of which force did much to limit crusading enthusiasm?
Crusade of 1101
What was a desire to travel to holy places, the most important of which was Jerusalem?
Pilgrimage
When was the council of Clermont that launched the First Crusade?
November 1095
What event in 1096 demonstrates the religious piety of humbler people?
People’s Crusade
What was a promise made to crusaders that previous sins would be wiped clean if they took part?
Remittance of sins
What meant that Christians saw their actions as justified and holy rather than the sin of murder?
Sanctified violence
What was the clash between killing and sin that was solved by sanctified violence such as crusading or holy war?
Knightly dilemma
What were natural phenomena ascribed to God giving direct instructions to undertake the First crusade?
Signs and Wonders
Which charismatic preacher and leader of the People’s crusade in 1096 was religiously motivated?
Peter the Hermit
What motivating factor can best be seen in the actions of Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin on the First Crusade?
Economic greed
What was an increasingly common law that meant eldest sons inherited, leaving younger sons with very little?
Primogeniture
Who was the Norman First crusader hated by Alexius, known for his bravery and skill, looking for land and wealth?
Bohemond
What was a motivating factor exploited by Urban II in his specific First Crusade appeal to senior European nobles?
Feudal ties
Which social tie played an important role in the participation of First crusade leaders like Baldwin and Tancred?
Kinship
Whose family had longstanding connections and friendship with the Byzantium and a history of pilgrimages?
Robert of Flanders
Who was a First crusader motivated by social pressure from his wife and family?
Stephen of Blois
Who was close to Urban II and was sent to represent him as his papal legate on the First Crusade?
Bishop Adhemar
Which pope launched the First Crusade as a form of Holy War in 1095?
Urban II
Which Norwegian king led his supporters on a crusade which contributed to the capture of Sidon in 1110?
Sigurd
Who participated in crusading in 1120, bringing 100 knights with him?
Fulk of Anjou
What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?
Field of Blood
Failure to complete, or previous desertion from the first crusade led many Latins to participate in what?
Crusade of 1101
The extermination of which force did much to limit crusading enthusiasm?
Crusade of 1101
What treaty was signed in 1108 in which Bohemond I recognised Byzantine overlordship of Antioch?
Devol
Who launched a crusade against the Byzantines in 1107 that collapsed at Dyrrhachium in September 1108?
Bohemond
Where was a large part of the crusade of that year was destroyed by the Turks in early August 1101?
Mersivan
Where was the large crusading force of William of Nevers were destroyed by the Seljuks in late August 1101?
Heraclea
When were the crusading forces of the Aquitanians and Bavarians destroyed by the Turks at Heraclea?
September 1101
Which patriarch attempted to reassert the idea of church rule in Jerusalem between 1128 and 1130?
Stephen
Which city was recaptured for the Byzantines by the First Crusade in June 1097?
Nicaea
Which battle of the First Crusade resulted in the decisive defeat of Kilij Arslan in July 1197?
Dorylaeum
Which city did the First crusaders spend eight months besieging before they captured it in June 1098?
Antioch
Whose large Muslim Turkish force did the First Crusade defeat outside late June 1098?
Kerbogha
Which city and port for Jerusalem was captured by the First Crusade in June 1099?
Jaffa
Which city was captured by the First Crusade on 15 July 1099 after a one-month siege?
Jerusalem
At which battle at the end of the First Crusade on 12 August 1099 were the Fatimids defeated?
Ascalon
What was collectively established as four crusader states after the success of the First Crusade?
Outremer
Which Muslim city was captured by Raymond of Toulouse with help from the remnants of the Crusade of 1101?
Tortosa
Which battle against the Fatimids did remnants of the Crusade of 1101 assist the Franks at in 1102?
Ramlah (2nd)
Where did the Norwegian crusaders defeat Muslim opponents at Sintra, Lisbon and Alkasse in 1108?
Iberia
Which city did the Norwegian crusaders help the Franks of Outremer to capture in 1110?
Sidon
Norwegian success against Muslims on which islands in 1109 encouraged their conquest by Latins in 1113-15?
Balearics
A fleet belonging to which Muslim power was destroyed by a large Venetian fleet of 120 ships in May 1123?
Fatimids
A Venetian crusading fleet played a major role in the capture of which major Muslim port city in 1124?
Tyre
What stirred up anti-Semitism leading to pogroms in Germany in 1096 that were against papal intentions?
People’s Crusade
Where was the People’s Crusade destroyed by Kilij Arslan’s Seljuk Turks in October 1096?
Civetot
Where in Spain did the Norwegian crusade of 1108 attacked fellow Christians in winter 1108?
Santiago de Compostela
Which pope backed Bohemond’s failed crusade against the Byzantines in 1107-08?
Paschal II
Crusaders from where unsuccessfully sought to capture the Byzantine island of Corfu in the winter of 1122/23?
Venice
In what year did Baldwin II send an embassy to the Latin West seeking aid for a Crusade against Damascus?
1127
Whose death in 1128 further persuaded Baldwin II that Damascus was vulnerable to attack?
Tughtegin
Which leader of the Templars played the main role in recruiting forces for the Damascus Crusade?
Hugh de Payns
Which Latin leader joined the Damascus Crusade as part of his obligation to his new father-in-law, Baldwin II?
Fulk of Anjou
Which town between Tyre and Damascus was the only gain of the Damascus Crusade of 1129?
Banyas
