Latins and Byzantines c.1071-c.1126

Question 1

Possession of what led to friction with Byzantium that prevented an alliance between Christians?

Answer 1

Antioch

Question 2

Which Frankish leader played a major early role in the expansion of Antioch at Byzantine expense?

Answer 2

Tancred

Question 3

What had Alexius I require the First crusaders to swear to him causing much resentment?

Answer 3

Oath

Question 4

What did Alexius I cut off from those First crusade leaders who would not promise to return land?

Answer 4

Food supplies

Question 5

Who did not join the First Crusade in person due to the bitterness and resentment of its leaders?

Answer 5

Alexius I

Question 6

Where did secret negotiations result in the garrison’s surrender, increasing the First crusaders’ sense of betrayal?

Answer 6

Nicaea

Question 7

When did Nicaea surrender to the Byzantines?

Answer 7

June 1097

Question 8

Who left the siege of Antioch in February 1098?

Answer 8

Taticius

Question 9

Who persuaded Alexius I to abandon his plans to support the First Crusade at Antioch?

Answer 9

Stephen of Blois

Question 10

How did the First Crusaders regard Alexius I’s failure to arrive at Antioch in 1098?

Answer 10

Betrayal

Question 11

Who became ruler of Antioch in late 1098 in violation of the oaths the crusaders had taken?

Answer 11

Bohemond

Question 12

Which Greek patriarch of Antioch did Bohemond replace?

Answer 12

John the Oxite

Question 13

In what year was Boutoumites sent on a unsuccessful diplomatic mission to repair relations with Bohemond of Antioch?

Answer 13

1099

Question 14

Who became the Latin patriarch of Antioch in 1100?

Answer 14

Bernard of Valence

Question 15

Which key port was captured from the Byzantines by Tancred in 1103?

Answer 15

Lattakieh

Question 16

Where did Bohemond go after his release from prison in 1104?

Answer 16

Western Europe

Question 17

In what year was Bohemond’s attack from Europe upon Byzantium crushed?

Answer 17

1108

Question 18

What treaty was signed in 1108 in which Bohemond I recognised Byzantine overlordship of Antioch?

Answer 18

Devol

Question 19

Which city did Tancred capture from Byzantium along with Mamistra and Tarsus in 1101?

Answer 19

Adana

Question 20

what year was Boutimites sent to secure the remaining Byzantine holdings in Cilicia from Frankish attack?

Answer 20

1103

Question 21

What were replaced with Latin ones resulting in enormous resentment by Greek Orthodox Christians?

Answer 21

Patriarchs

Question 22

What were imposed upon the Byzantine-backed Greek Orthodox priests?

Answer 22

Latin bishops

Question 23

After which battle in 1102 did Alexius I pay the ransom of the captured Franks?

Answer 23

Ramlah (2nd)

Question 24

In what year did Alexius I die and his son John II become Byzantine emperor?

Answer 24

1118

Question 25

Emperor John II entered into prolonged conflict with which Italian city-state in 1122 further souring relations?

Answer 25

Venice

Question 26

Who did Alexius I send in 1111 to try to persuade Baldwin I to support him against Tancred?

Answer 26

Boutoumites

Question 27

When did the Normans invade the Byzantine territory of Epirus?

Answer 27

1081

Question 28

At which major battle in 1081 was Alexius I heavily defeated by the Normans?

Answer 28

Dyrrachium

Question 29

After which battle against Muslims in 1104 were the Normans too weak to stop the Byzantines regaining Cilicia?

Answer 29

Harran

Question 30

What was the divison between Latin and Byzantine Christians that had occurred in 1054?

Answer 30

Great Schism

Question 31

Who did the Byzantines believe had been the first Bishop of Rome rather than St. Peter?

Answer 31

Linus

Question 32

What was a later Latin insertion into the Nicene Creed (a statement of core Christian beliefs) which the Byzantines rejected?

Answer 32

Filoque Clause

Question 33

What was the civilized (Roman) world as perceived by the Byzantines? It was equated with Constantinople which they worked to protect at all costs.

Answer 33

Oukoumene

Question 34

Which regent of Antioch until 1112 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?

Answer 34

Tancred

Question 35

Which regent of Antioch until 1119 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?

Answer 35

Roger of Salerno

Question 36

Which ruler of Antioch between 1126 and 1130 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?

Answer 36

Bohemond II

Question 37

Which First Crusade leader was on good terms with Alexius I after the First Crusade due to mutual hatred of Bohemond?

Answer 37

Raymond of Toulouse

Question 38

Which First Crusade leader initially refused Alexius I’s overlordship, leading to cutting of his food supplies and his attack on Constantinople?

Answer 38

Godfrey of Bouillon

Question 39

Custody of which imprtant Christian site in Jerusalem passed from Greek priests to Latins due to the First Crusade?

Answer 39

Holy Sepulchre

Question 40

Which Byzantine island did the Normans repeatedly invade in the 1080s?

Answer 40

Corfu

Question 41

When had the Pisans gained trade privileges with the Byzantines?

Answer 41

1111

Question 42

When was John II forced to sign a treaty with the Venetians restoring their trade privileges?

Answer 42

August 1126

Question 43

Which anti-Byzantine Norman leader gained active support from the papacy until his death in 1085?

Answer 43

Robert Guiscard

Question 44

Which pope backed Bohemond’s failed crusade against the Byzantines in 1107-08?

Answer 44

Paschal II