Latins and Byzantines c.1071-c.1126 Flashcards
Possession of what led to friction with Byzantium that prevented an alliance between Christians?
Antioch
Which Frankish leader played a major early role in the expansion of Antioch at Byzantine expense?
Tancred
What had Alexius I require the First crusaders to swear to him causing much resentment?
Oath
What did Alexius I cut off from those First crusade leaders who would not promise to return land?
Food supplies
Who did not join the First Crusade in person due to the bitterness and resentment of its leaders?
Alexius I
Where did secret negotiations result in the garrison’s surrender, increasing the First crusaders’ sense of betrayal?
Nicaea
When did Nicaea surrender to the Byzantines?
June 1097
Who left the siege of Antioch in February 1098?
Taticius
Who persuaded Alexius I to abandon his plans to support the First Crusade at Antioch?
Stephen of Blois
How did the First Crusaders regard Alexius I’s failure to arrive at Antioch in 1098?
Betrayal
Who became ruler of Antioch in late 1098 in violation of the oaths the crusaders had taken?
Bohemond
Which Greek patriarch of Antioch did Bohemond replace?
John the Oxite
In what year was Boutoumites sent on a unsuccessful diplomatic mission to repair relations with Bohemond of Antioch?
1099
Who became the Latin patriarch of Antioch in 1100?
Bernard of Valence
Which key port was captured from the Byzantines by Tancred in 1103?
Lattakieh
Where did Bohemond go after his release from prison in 1104?
Western Europe
In what year was Bohemond’s attack from Europe upon Byzantium crushed?
1108
What treaty was signed in 1108 in which Bohemond I recognised Byzantine overlordship of Antioch?
Devol
Which city did Tancred capture from Byzantium along with Mamistra and Tarsus in 1101?
Adana
what year was Boutimites sent to secure the remaining Byzantine holdings in Cilicia from Frankish attack?
1103
What were replaced with Latin ones resulting in enormous resentment by Greek Orthodox Christians?
Patriarchs
What were imposed upon the Byzantine-backed Greek Orthodox priests?
Latin bishops
After which battle in 1102 did Alexius I pay the ransom of the captured Franks?
Ramlah (2nd)
In what year did Alexius I die and his son John II become Byzantine emperor?
1118
Emperor John II entered into prolonged conflict with which Italian city-state in 1122 further souring relations?
Venice
Who did Alexius I send in 1111 to try to persuade Baldwin I to support him against Tancred?
Boutoumites
When did the Normans invade the Byzantine territory of Epirus?
1081
At which major battle in 1081 was Alexius I heavily defeated by the Normans?
Dyrrachium
After which battle against Muslims in 1104 were the Normans too weak to stop the Byzantines regaining Cilicia?
Harran
What was the divison between Latin and Byzantine Christians that had occurred in 1054?
Great Schism
Who did the Byzantines believe had been the first Bishop of Rome rather than St. Peter?
Linus
What was a later Latin insertion into the Nicene Creed (a statement of core Christian beliefs) which the Byzantines rejected?
Filoque Clause
What was the civilized (Roman) world as perceived by the Byzantines? It was equated with Constantinople which they worked to protect at all costs.
Oukoumene
Which regent of Antioch until 1112 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?
Tancred
Which regent of Antioch until 1119 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?
Roger of Salerno
Which ruler of Antioch between 1126 and 1130 refused to acknowledge Byzantine overlordship?
Bohemond II
Which First Crusade leader was on good terms with Alexius I after the First Crusade due to mutual hatred of Bohemond?
Raymond of Toulouse
Which First Crusade leader initially refused Alexius I’s overlordship, leading to cutting of his food supplies and his attack on Constantinople?
Godfrey of Bouillon
Custody of which imprtant Christian site in Jerusalem passed from Greek priests to Latins due to the First Crusade?
Holy Sepulchre
Which Byzantine island did the Normans repeatedly invade in the 1080s?
Corfu
When had the Pisans gained trade privileges with the Byzantines?
1111
When was John II forced to sign a treaty with the Venetians restoring their trade privileges?
August 1126
Which anti-Byzantine Norman leader gained active support from the papacy until his death in 1085?
Robert Guiscard
Which pope backed Bohemond’s failed crusade against the Byzantines in 1107-08?
Paschal II
