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13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 > Establishment of Outremer, c.1095-c.1124 > Flashcards

Establishment of Outremer, c.1095-c.1124 Flashcards

1
Q

Which city’s capture in 1104 by Baldwin I was of massive importance?

A

Acre

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2
Q

Which city was captured in Baldwin II’s reign (1124) with the aid of Venice?

A

Tyre

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3
Q

Which Frankish leader did most to expand the territory of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Baldwin I

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4
Q

Which Frankish leader played a major early role in the expansion of Antioch?

A

Tancred

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5
Q

Which crusader state was the last to be formed and was ruled by descendants of Raymond of Toulouse?

A

County of Tripoli

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6
Q

Which crusader state received least support from Europe and was most exposed?

A

County of Edessa

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7
Q

Which crusader state received the most support from Western Europe and pilgrims?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

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8
Q

Which group damaged Muslim chances of defeating the crusaders by killing prominent leaders?

A

Assassins

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9
Q

Which groups mostly aided the crusader states by the end of the 1120s through raising funds?

A

Military Orders

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10
Q

Which city-state was vital in the capture of Arsuf, Caesarea and Acre?

A

Genoa

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11
Q

Which Frankish leader came to the rescue of Antioch after the defeat at the Field of Blood in 1119?

A

Baldwin II

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12
Q

Which castle was built by Baldwin I in 1117 to menace Muslim Tyre?

A

Scandalion

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13
Q

Which castle was built by Baldwin I in 1115 to expand south and control a trade route?

A

Montreal

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14
Q

Which castle secured the road from Antioch to Beirut and was critical to the Frankish North?

A

Krak des Chavaliers

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15
Q

Who achieved a notable Muslim victory at the Field of Blood in 1119?

A

Il-Ghazi

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16
Q

What forces of the Fatimids became less effective as the coast was taken?

A

Naval fleets

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17
Q

The third battle at which place in 1105 was a major victory for Baldwin I?

A

Ramlah

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18
Q

Which Muslim leader was murdered on the streets of Damascus in 1113?

A

Mawdud of Mosul

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19
Q

In what year were the Templars founded?

A

1119

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20
Q

In what year did Genoa help to capture the port of Jebail?

A

1103

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21
Q

At which battle was Roger of Antioch successful against the Turkish leader Bursuq in 1115?

A

Tell Danith

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22
Q

Which Fatimid vizier did the Assassins murder on the streets of Cairo in 1121?

A

Al-Afdal

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23
Q

When was the Turkish emir of Apamea killed by the assassins?

A

1106

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24
Q

Which castle was built by Baldwin I to block the road from Damascus to Tyre in 1105?

A

Toron

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25
Q

Which group led a minor crusade that assisted in the capture of Sidon in 1110?

A

Norwegians

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26
Q

What was a desire to travel to holy places, the most important of which was Jerusalem?

A

Pilgrimage

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27
Q

Which Norwegian king led his supporters on a crusade which contributed to the capture of Sidon in 1110?

A

Sigurd

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28
Q

Who participated in crusading in 1120, bringing 100 knights with him?

A

Fulk of Anjou

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29
Q

Which city-state benefitted financially from its assistance in the capture of Arsuf, Caesarea and Acre?

A

Genoa

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30
Q

Which city-state benefitted financially from its assistance in the capture of Tyre in 1124?

A

Venice

31
Q

What were the ‘Italian quarters’ of the coastal cities they helped to capture exempt from?

A

Taxation

32
Q

Which military order was founded in 1119, partly as an outlet for ‘lay piety’?

A

Templars

33
Q

What term refers to the religious practices and faith of those who were not in traditional holy orders?

A

Lay piety

34
Q

What religious order had predated the crusades but was refounded in 1113 and was increasingly military by 1130?

A

Hospitallers

35
Q

What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?

A

Field of Blood

36
Q

Becoming a member of the Templars or Hospitallers was a means by which a knight could fight and enter a what?

A

Holy Order

37
Q

Who fought Muslims to expand the Principality of Antioch, as shown by his victory at Artah in 1105?

A

Tancred

38
Q

Who expanded the future County of Tripoli by capturing Tortosa and Gibelet from Muslims by 1105?

A

Raymond of Toulouse

39
Q

Which city was captured by the Franks to secure the creation of the last of the crusader states in 1109?

A

Tripoli

40
Q

At which battle did the Franks led by Pons of Tripoli and Baldwin II of Edessa defeat a Turkish invasion in 1115?

A

Tell Danith

41
Q

At which battle were invading Fatimids defeated by Eustace Grenier, the Constable of Jerusalem, in 1123?

A

Yibneh

42
Q

Which battle marked a significant victory for Jikirmish of Mosul and Sokman of Mardin in 1104?

A

Harran

43
Q

Who launched a crusade against the Byzantines in 1107 that collapsed at Dyrrhachium in September 1108?

A

Bohemond

44
Q

Possession of what led to friction with Byzantium that prevented an alliance between Christians?

A

Antioch

45
Q

At which battle did Toghtegin of Damascus and Mawdud of Mosul successful co-operate in 1113?

A

al-Sannabra

46
Q

Who achieved a notable Muslim victory against Frankish Antioch at the Field of Blood in 1119?

A

Il-Ghazi

47
Q

Which Frankish leader of Antioch was killed at the Field of Blood in 1119?

A

Roger of Salerno

48
Q

Who did Baldwin I of Jerusalem bigamously marry in 1112 and then abandon in 1118 angering the Sicilians?

A

Adelaide

49
Q

Which king of Sicily refused to aid Outremer after his mother’s humiliation by Baldwin I?

A

Roger II

50
Q

Which pope made the Hospitallers answerable only to the papacy (and not Frankish rulers) in 1113?

A

Paschal II

51
Q

Who died in 1100 after just one year of weakly ruling Jerusalem, leaving no children?

A

Godfrey of Bouillon

52
Q

Which king of Jerusalem died in 1118 leaving no children and a potentially disputed succession?

A

Baldwin I

53
Q

At which battle in May 1102 were Baldwin I’s forces limited forces defeated and reduced by the Fatimids?

A

Ramlah (2nd)

54
Q

Whose major weapon was their fleet, which threatened support for the Franks from the Latin West?

A

Fatimids

55
Q

Who remained a captive after the battle of Harran (1104) when Tancred chose money over his release?

A

Baldwin II of Edessa

56
Q

At which battle in 1108 were Tancred of Antioch and Baldwin II of Edessa on opposing sides?

A

Tell Bashir

57
Q

Future control over which city was disputed between Frankish rulers until Baldwin I forced a settlement in 1109?

A

Tripoli

58
Q

Which Latin priest became the patriarch of Antioch in 1100, angering the Byzantines?

A

Bernard of Valence

59
Q

Which fortress south of Antioch did the Franks continually fail to hold from the Turks?

A

Rafaniya

60
Q

Who increasingly asserted his independence from the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the early 1120s?

A

Pons of Tripoli

61
Q

At which battle in 1100 was Bohemond of Antioch captured forcing Tancred to become regent?

A

Melitene

62
Q

Who was imprisoned by Tancred in 1102 until he lied and promised not to take territory between Acre and Antioch?

A

Raymond of Toulouse

63
Q

Which Frankish leader was captured by the Turkish warlord Balak in 1122?

A

Joscelin I

64
Q

Which Frankish leader was captured by the Turkish warlord Balak in April 1123?

A

Baldwin II

65
Q

After the Field of Blood (1119) Baldwin II had to be regent of Antioch until which year?

A

1126

66
Q

What was collectively established as four crusader states after the success of the First Crusade?

A

Outremer

67
Q

Which Muslim city was captured by Raymond of Toulouse with help from the remnants of the Crusade of 1101?

A

Tortosa

68
Q

Which battle against the Fatimids did remnants of the Crusade of 1101 assist the Franks at in 1102?

A

Ramlah (2nd)

69
Q

Which city did the Norwegian crusaders help the Franks of Outremer to capture in 1110?

A

Sidon

70
Q

A fleet belonging to which Muslim power was destroyed by a large Venetian fleet of 120 ships in May 1123?

A

Fatimids

71
Q

A Venetian crusading fleet played a major role in the capture of which major Muslim port city in 1124?

A

Tyre

72
Q

Whose relationship with the First Crusade collapsed after their failure to return Antioch to him?

A

Alexius I

73
Q

Which church council of Pope Honorius II established the rule of the Templars in 1129?

A

Council of Troyes

13F: Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 (12 decks)

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