The Fetal Spine & Musculoskeletal System Flashcards by Sonography Student

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to
significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural
tube defect?
A. AFP
B. Estriol
C. Folate
D. Pregnancy protein A

C. Folate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Talipes equinovarus is associated with:
A. Clubfoot
B. Syndactyly
C. Rhizomelia
D. Rockerbottom feet

A. Clubfoot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as:
A. Acoustic shadowing
B. Posterior enhancement
C. Reverberation artifact
D. Edge artifact

A. Acoustic shadowing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part
of a vertebral body and posterior element?
A. Kyphosis
B. Scoliosis
C. Kyphoscoliosis
D. Hemivertebra

D. Hemivertebra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is:
A. Achondroplasia
B. Osteogenesis imperfecta
C. Thanatophoric dysplasia
D. Amniotic band syndrome

D. Amniotic band syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of
an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is:
A. Autosomal recessive
B. Autosomal dominant
C. Inherited dominant
D. Inherited recessive

B. Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx:
A. LBWC
B. Caudal regression syndrome
C. Thanatophoric dwarfism
D. Heterozygous achondroplasia

B. Caudal regression syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except:
A. Closed defect
B. Elevated MSAFP
C. Sacral dimple
D. Hemangioma

B. Elevated MSAFP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal
horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:
A. Cebocephaly
B. Banana sign
C. Colpocephaly
D. Cephalocele

C. Colpocephaly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except:
A. Banana sign
B. Lemon sign
C. Enlarged massa intermedia
D. Normal MSAFP

D. Normal MSAFP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In VACTERL association, the letter “C” stands for:
A. Cerebellar
B. C-spine
C. Cranial
D. Cardiac

D. Cardiac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except:
A. Splaying of the laminae
B. Enlarged posterior fossa
C. Lemon sign
D. Banana sign

B. Enlarged posterior fossa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:
B. Scoliosis
C. Splaying
D. Achondroplasia

B. Scoliosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The lemon sign denotes
A. An abnormal shape of the fetal skull
B. A normal shape of the cerebellum
C. An abnormal shape of the cerebellum
D. A normal shape of the fetal skull

A. An abnormal shape of the fetal skull

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with
LBWC except:
A. Ventral wall defects
B. Decreased MSAFP
C. Marked scoliosis
D. Umbilical cord

B. Decreased MSAFP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is:
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta
B. Achondroplasia
C. Radial ray defect
D. Caudal regression syndrome

B. Achondroplasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus
developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?
A. Previous cesarean section
B. Preexisting maternal diabetes
C. Previous ectopic pregnancy
D. Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin

B. Preexisting maternal diabetes

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with
spina bifida is referred to as:
A. Dandy–Walker malformation
B. Budd–Chiari syndrome
C. Arnold–Chiari II malformation
D. Amniotic band syndrome

C. Arnold–Chiari II malformation

In VACTERL association, the letter “L” stands for:
A. Limb
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Larynx

A. Limb

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is:
A. Achondrogenesis
B. Achondroplasia
C. Thanatophoric dysplasia
D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

B. Achondroplasia

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except:
A. Frontal bossing
B. Flattened nasal bridge
C. Trident hand
D. Absent mineralization of the skull

D. Absent mineralization of the skull

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of
joint contractures?
A. Acromegaly
B. Radial ray defect
C. Achondrogenesis
D. Arthrogryposis

D. Arthrogryposis

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can
become enlarged with Arnold–Chiari II malformation is the:
A. Corpus callosum
B. Cerebellar vermis
C. Cavum septum pellucidum
D. Massa intermedia

D. Massa intermedia

Rhizomelia denotes:
A. Long upper extremities
B. Shortening of an entire limb
C. Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb
D. Shortening of the distal segment of a limb

C. Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: A. Sirenomelia B. Caudal regression syndrome C. Achondroplasia D. Radial ray defect

B. Caudal regression syndrome

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes: A. Micromelia B. Mesomelia C. Phocomelia D. Arthrogryposis

C. Phocomelia

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: A. Micromelia B. Absent mineralization of the pelvis C. Multiple dislocated joints D. Polyhydramnios

C. Multiple dislocated joints

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of: A. Arnold–Chiari II malformation B. Achondroplasia C. Thanatophoric dysplasia D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: A. Thanatophoric dysplasia B. Caudal regression syndrome C. Achondrogenesis D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

All of the following are signs of Arnold–Chiari II malformation except: A. S-shaped spine B. Banana sign C. Lemon sign D. Colpocephaly

A. S-shaped spine

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: A. Amputation of fetal parts B. Anencephaly C. Facial clefting D. Synechiae

D. Synechiae

The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is: A. Trident toes B. Sandal gap C. Phocomelia D. Mesomelia

B. Sandal gap

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: A. Radial ray defect B. Rhizomelia C. Mermaid syndrome D. Rockerbottom feet

C. Mermaid syndrome

Absence of the radius is referred to as: A. Talipes equinovarus B. Clubfoot C. Radial ray defect D. Phocomelia

C. Radial ray defect

Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except: A. SCT B. Meningocele C. Meningomyelocele D. Phocomeningocele

D. Phocomeningocele

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: A. Achondrogenesis B. Osteogenesis imperfecta C. Sirenomelia D. Thanatophoric dysplasia

D. Thanatophoric dysplasia

What term is defined as fusion of the digits? A. Clinodactyly B. Polydactyly C. Syndactyly D. Rhizodactyly

C. Syndactyly

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: A. Folate B. hCG C. Estriol D. AFP

D. AFP

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities? A. SCT B. Caudal displacement syndrome C. Sirenomelia D. Osteogenesis imperfect

C. Sirenomelia

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? A. The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. B. The metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula. C. The carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. D. The tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur.

A. The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula.