the family

Question 1

Household

Answer 1

• person/people who live together in one dwelling

- increasing as the rise of individualism

Question 2

Kinship

Answer 2

• blood or marital ties between people

- extended ties are now less tight knit than the 1960’s

Question 3

Cohabitation

Answer 3

• couples who live together who aren’t married

- used to be living in sin but is now the normal

Question 4

Remarriage

Answer 4

• marrying after couples divorce

- steady increase in second marriages

Question 5

Reconstituted / Blended

Answer 5

• involves step parents and children

- increasing amount

Question 6

Extended

Answer 6

• includes grandparents and other relatives
• horizontal is aunts, uncles and cousins
• vertical is parents, grandparents

Question 7

Single Parent

Answer 7

• child raised by one parent in the household

- rise since 1960’s

Question 8

Single-Occupancy

Answer 8

• people who live alone

- creative single hood is choosing to be single

Question 9

Same Sex

Answer 9

• gay couples raising children

- the amount is rising due to legalisation of gay marriage, assisted fertility and social attitudes changing

Question 10

2004

Answer 10

Civil Partnership Act

Question 11

2013

Answer 11

Same-Sex couples Act

Question 12

Polygamous

Answer 12

• one parent has multiple wives

- legal in India, Egypt, Uganda

Question 13

Matrifocal

Answer 13

• structure involves women

- Black Caribbean British families are most likely

Question 14

Patrifocal

Answer 14

• focused on the father

- less common as 90% of single parents are mums

Question 15

Dispersed Extended

Answer 15

• nuclear family with a lot of contact with extended family members
• contact by telephone or letters

Question 16

Beanpole

Answer 16

• tall and thin structure because less kids are being born

- Brannen coined the term

Question 17

Nuclear

Answer 17

two heterosexual parents who are married with kids and live together

Question 18

primary socialisation

Answer 18

social process that occurs between ages 0-4 in the family home where children learn the norms and values of society

Question 19

norms

Answer 19

informal understandings that govern the behaviour of members of a society e.g. have a smartphone

Question 20

how are norms learnt?

Answer 20

• observing parents (unconscious socialisation)
• imitating parents
• being deliberately taught (deliberate socialisation)

Question 21

how do norms differ according to ethnicity?

Answer 21

• languages spoken
• religious practises and rituals
• different cultures eating differently

Question 22

values

Answer 22

principles/standards of behaviour, a judgement of what is important in life (underpin the norms)

Question 23

secondary socialisation

Answer 23

happens once children start to experience wider society, typically when they begin school, this varies in countries as education is culturally relative

Question 24

functionalism

Answer 24

structural theory which views society as a whole with each part working together to form a functional system

Question 25

the value consensus

Answer 25

all members of society and institutions work together and share agreements about how society should operate

Question 26

personality factory

Answer 26

Parsons argued the nuclear family gives adults responsibility and matures them and gives kids stability and security

Question 27

distinct gender roles

Answer 27

- necessary and positive - instrumental role for father - expressive role for wofe

Question 28

human body

Answer 28

functionalists liken society to the human body and call it the organic analogy

Question 29

triple shift

Answer 29

women are expected to be workers, mothers and housewives (90% of women work)

Question 30

Murdock's 4 functions of the family

Answer 30

- sexual - reproductive - educational - economic

Question 31

strengths of the functionalist approach

Answer 31

- value the importance of family - children are taught norms and values - consider society as a whole

Question 32

weaknesses of the functionalist approach

Answer 32

- ignore diversity - ignore the dark side of the family - doesn't reflect modern society

Question 33

sandwich generation

Answer 33

middle aged people with caring responsibilities both ways

Question 34

pressures/issues for mothers today

Answer 34

- balancing a career and family - prioritising education and a career - cost of childcare - intensive mothering

Question 35

serial fathers

Answer 35

leave one family to create another

Question 36

pester power

Answer 36

products are marketed at children as they are mini consumers

Question 37

functionalists on child centred society

Answer 37

- positive about canalisation as children learn gender roles | - industries create jobs and income so aids organic analogy

Question 38

feminists on child centre society

Answer 38

- critical of highly gendered, limiting toys | - girls are taught to value their appearance and often sexualised

Question 39

marxists on child centre society

Answer 39

- toy industry fuels capitalism | - commodity fetishism and pester power are a toxic mix

Question 40

issues of childhood in current society

Answer 40

- obesity is on the rise - the digital world is harmful due to violence and inappropriate content - eating disorders are at an all time high

Question 41

grandparents role

Answer 41

- role of historians - mentor - useful for single parents - practical and financial help

Question 42

3 types of divorce

Answer 42

- divorce - seperation - empty shell

Question 43

marxism

Answer 43

- structural and conflict theory | - capitalism is based on hierarchy and the bourgeoise

Question 44

honour killings

Answer 44

Izzat is the main value for many minority families and is very strict on women if they marry outside the religion or without permision

Question 45

the new right

Answer 45

- believe in a meritocracy - father figure is needed for a good role model - nuclear family is essential