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culture studies Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Williams (1983)

A

culture is a way of life

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2
Q

Merton (1957)

A

institutions have manifest functions (intended outcomes) and latent functions (unintended functions)

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3
Q

Goffman (1956)

A
  • society is one big stage
  • ‘front stage’ at school, work, public places
  • ‘backstage’ at home or with peers
  • the gap is known as role distance
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4
Q

Cooley (1902)

A
  • looking glass self, the way people see us effects our behaviour
  • you become the person you think they think you are
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5
Q

Durkheim (education)

A

education teaches children values such as competition, success and honest conduct so they function well at work

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6
Q

Handel (2006)

A

3 key stages in childhood for identity

  1. learning to communicate with others with little understanding of how others see them
  2. develops a sense of empathy
  3. develop a sense of self and see themselves from other peoples perspectives
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7
Q

Mead (1925)

A
  • play was important for developing a sense of self

- social control depends on how far people take on the attitudes of others

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8
Q

Lyotard (1979)

A

lots of competing versions of knowledge help people choose who to listen to and what values to have

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9
Q

Storey

A

‘hopelessly commercial culture’

‘formulaic and manipulative’

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10
Q

Adorno

A
  • pop culture isn’t based on peoples tastes, it’s forced on us by industries
  • popular by repetition as its standardised and predictable
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11
Q

leisure time has become toxic

A
  • Adorno
  • we are passified by technology instead of bettering ourselves
  • society is an open prison as we are taught to be individualistic and pliant
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12
Q

capitalism doesn’t sell us what we need

A
  • Adorno
  • because of choice, we assume we need stuff
  • we are taught to want manufactured goods and not emotions and comfort
  • adverts sell us a lifestyle
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13
Q

Gitlin

A

“no cultural system since medieval christianity has the unifying potential of mass culture in the age of television”

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14
Q

Lury

A

key features of consumer culture:

  • availability of a wide range of goods
  • shopping is a leisure pursuit
  • different forms of shopping are available
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15
Q

Mcluhan

A

we live in a ‘global village’ as everything is increasingly interconnected and time and space has shrunk

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16
Q

Stuart Hall

A
  1. culture becomes homogenous and national identity is eroded
  2. cultural resistance where governments control everything
  3. a fusion of global influences and local traditions has created a cultural hybridity
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17
Q

Sewell

A

argues that students who join anti-school subcultures get their attitude from outside of school

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18
Q

Lacey

A

went to middle class schools and found that pupils were effected by differentiation and bottom set labels deprived them of status

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19
Q

Paul Willis - learning to labour

A

he observed 12 working class lads who saw school as pointless to their future as factory workers, saw the middle class students as bad as they listened to the teacher

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20
Q

Durkheim - subculture

A

a feeling of anomie is more likely to lead to criminal activity as people lack structure and guidance

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21
Q

Anderson (1983)

A
  • nation is an imagined community as members won’t meet most fellow members
  • its facilitated by the printed language
  • media is vital in constructing it as in reality its too big to know everyone
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22
Q

Postman (1982)

A

‘disappearance of childhood’ and blames the media for exposing children to the adult world too early

23
Q

Parsons (1962) - youth subculture

A
  • youth only emerged due to family changes associated with capitalism
  • its a period of socialisation and training for the workplace
  • its an important transitional stage during a stressful time
  • important to break ties with family and develop independence
24
Q

Eisenstadt (1956) - youth subculture

A
  • way of bringing young people into society

- it provides a sense of belonging and stops the isolated phase and feelings of anomie

25
Q

McRobbie and Garber (1976)

A
  • girls were ignored in most research
  • when they were involved it was mainly stereotypes
  • they have closer knit friendship groups
26
Q

Maffesoli (1996) - post

A
  • group identity is no longer formed along traditional social lines like gender or class
  • the group is used to satisfy individual needs
27
Q

Bennett (1999) - post

A
  • neo tribes based around fashion, music, lifestyle have no shared values
  • subculture rigidly links music and style preferences
28
Q

Brake (1980) - subcultures

A
  • these were ‘magical’ symbolic solutions to working class youth problems
  • gave them strength and made them feel like they were fighting back
29
Q

Thorton (1995)

A
  • teenage market was dominated by boys
  • difference in subcultural capital as girls invested in school whereas boys invested in going out
  • girls had less disposable income, earn less and married earlier
30
Q

McRobbie (1991)

A
  • girls are more active in consumer culture
  • they don’t passively accept information (music, magazines)
  • they can critique it and challenge its message
31
Q

Weeks (1986)

A

“sexual identification is a strange thing”

- more complex than other aspects of identity

32
Q

Turings Law

A

men in gay relationships were chemically castrated

33
Q

Quinn (2001)

A
  • Native American tribes celebrated same sex marriage

- men have ‘boy wives’ that are treated like females between age 12-20

34
Q

Plummer (1996)

A
  • homosexuality is a process
  • join subcultures which reaffirm behaviours
  • share an identity of sameness
35
Q

Rich (1980)

A
  • women sexuality is oppressed by men in patriarchal society
  • socialised into a subordinate role ensuring their availability to men
  • heterosexuality is forced on them
36
Q

The Macpherson report

A

found the met police to be insituioanlly racist after the Stephen Lawrence case

37
Q

Macan Ghail

A

found well-intentioned white teachers often had lower expectations for. black, male students

38
Q

Macan Gail (1994)

A

argues many men from wc backgrounds are in crisis leading to depression, suicide and crime

39
Q

Betty Friedman

A

femininity is constructed to be childlike, passive and dependent

40
Q

Muncie (2004)

A

highlights how youths in the media are represented as deviant and troublesome

41
Q

Sontag (1978)

A

highlights how women in particular are required to match up to a youthful ideal of all their lives

42
Q

Biggs (1993)

A

found that sitcoms tend to portray old people as feeble, vague and forgetful

43
Q

Hockey and James (1993)

A

found that people in retirement homes were treated like children: not allowed to keep their money and had their privacy taken away

44
Q

Williams (1984) - age

A

unemployment prevents young people from moving onto adult roles or gain adult status

45
Q

Hendricks- age

A

ageing brings physical and psychological decline

46
Q

Parsons - age

A

society should find roles suitable for old age people

47
Q

Bond

A

government pensions are inadequate as wc income is too low to save for retirement

48
Q

Modood

A

found that Asian differences can be very specific in terms of Religion, language, dress code and diet

49
Q

Ghumman (1999)

A

suggest 1st generation of Asian parents to arrive in the UK primary socialised these values:

  1. obedience and loyalty to elders and community
  2. parents know best
  3. the choice of partner
  4. religious training
  5. role of the mother tongue
50
Q

Hennik (1999)

A

found 75% of Sikh and 85% of Muslim teenage girls expect arranged marriages9

51
Q

Anwar (1981)

A

the family is a site of conflict between parents and child

52
Q

Drury (1991)

A

found that 1/5 of girls in her Asian sample were secretly dating boys

53
Q

Enoch Powell

A

felt increased immigration was making life difficult for native British people and Britain was losing its identity and culture

Sociology (12 decks)

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