Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cell biology > The Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

The Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A
  • defined by encapsulation of DNA within the nucleus
  • contain membrane bound organelles
  • eukaryota - one of the domains of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the end ome means system?

A

• complication of membranous organelles

• located within the cytoplasm

• structural divide

• functional diversity

• evolved from mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

The boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings

Selectively permeable - allowing some substances to cross easier than other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 main roles of the plasma membrane defined as?

A
  1. Compartmentalisation
  2. Transport
  3. Signal transduction
  4. Intracellular junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the phospholipid bilayer:

A

Can exist as a stable boundary between two aquatic compartments

Phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in plasma membrane

Phospholipids are amphipathic (hydropbic/Philic) regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mosaic of membrane proteins?

A

Collection/clustering of proteins

Membrane proteins specific to cell type

Receptors can often interfere cell/organ function

Key roles in cellular homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do cells have compartments?

A

Enable divisions of labour within animal cells

Membranes increase surface area for process

Allows cells to vary within tissues according to functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Central hub for cellular information

Nuclear envelope-double membrane (bi-layers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

(1) pores contain pore complexes
- regulate entry & exit of RNA and proteins

(2)inner surface of the envelope has a lining
- mechanical stability of the nuclei structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the chromatin?

A

Structure for DNA coiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus?

A

rRNA synthesis
- ribosome subunits assembly and export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of ribosomes;

A

~ protein factories

~ ER localised or free in the cytosol

~ synthesis within the nucleolus

~ secretory cells rich in ribosomes bound to ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline what translation is;

A

The genetic code commands the translation of each codon into an amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the cell cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Biosynthetic hub

Half of all cellular membranes are found in the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

smooth ER

lipid/steroid synthesis

Drug detoxification

Drugs induce ER proliferation

Rich Ca2+ store

17
Q

What is the function of the ER?

A

Muscle contraction

Ca2+ allows actin/myosin interaction to generate force

18
Q

What is the role of the ER?

A

Rough ER

Ribosome rich- polypeptide synthesis

Secreted proteins-insulin-B-cells

Membrane protein synthesis

19
Q

Describe protein folding in the ER;

A

Thiol-disulphide exchange mechanism

ER lumen is an oxidising cellular environment

Forms active protein structure

ER stress pathway to deal with misfolded proteins

20
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Cellular warehouse - protein sorting, shipping, modification, manufacture

21
Q

Describe the Golgi apparatus structure;

A

Flattened membranous sacs - cisternae

Cisternae are enclosed structures

Up to 100 sacs

Golgi more numerous and larger in cells with a high secretory function

22
Q

Where does the Golgi receive folded proteins?

A

From the ER in transport vesicles

23
Q

What is vesicular transport from the Golgi?

A

Transport of cargo from the trans region- or trans Golgi network

24
Q

Outline the 3 types of vesicles in the vesicular transport from the Golgi;

A

• constitutive secretory vesicles

• regulated secretory vesicles

• lysosomal vesicles

25
Q

What are constitutive secretory vesicles?

A

Does not require stimuli

Eg. Antibodies (activated B cell)

26
Q

What are regulated secretory vesicles?

A

Requires stimuli

eg- cytokines / neurotransmitters / insulin

27
Q

What are lysosomal vesicles?

A

Enzymes involved in proteolytic degradation pathways

28
Q

What is the role of lysosomes?

A

Digestive hub

Specialised acidic environment for hydro lyric enzymes

Role in phagocytosis and autophagy

29
Q

When does digestion take place?

A

Even phagocytic vesicles fuse with lysosomes

30
Q

What is the cell survival mechanism?

A

Recycle damaged or dysfunctional cellular components

31
Q

What is lysosome dysfunction?

A

Lysosomal storage diseases

Stems from a loss in hydrologic enzyme function

Enlarged lysosomes - indigestible components

cell biology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions