Infections-cell Changes In Disease

Question 1

Describe the two types of infections in white blood cells;

Answer 1

Bacterial infections - raised neutrophils, lowered lymphocytes

Viral infections- raised lymphocytes, lowered neutrophils

Question 2

Describe the cell change in red blood cells;

Answer 2

Aplastic anaemia

Question 3

Viral infections may be what?(3)

Answer 3

Cytocidal (morphological,physiological, biochemical effects)

Persistent (latent, chronic)

Transforming (immortalisation)

Question 4

Describe the cytopathic effects;

Answer 4

• rounding
• syncitia (polykaryocytes)

-inclusion bodies

Question 5

Give examples of physiological effects;

Answer 5

Binding to receptors

Alteration of cell membrane

Question 6

Give examples of biochemical effects;

Answer 6

Cell becomes optimised for viral replication

• binding of transcription factors to viral nucleic acids
• over production of regulatory molecules
• inhibition of cellular proteins
• degradation of host nucleic acids

Question 7

Describe persistent infections;

Answer 7

Chronic - replication continues

Slow - low level replication, many years without symptoms

Latent - no replication

Transforming

Question 8

Describe transforming infections;

Answer 8

Control of cell proliferation is lost
- unlimited cell division

Potential for further mutations
- cellular oncogenes
- tumour suppressor genes