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Cell Biology > Hostology Of Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Hostology Of Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What does the connective tissue do?(4)

A
  1. Transport (blood)
  2. Defence (against infection)
  3. Mechanics (CT confers the mechanical properties a tissue needs to preform)
  4. Energy store (adipose is a connective tissue)
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2
Q

Why is connective tissue needed?

A

Structural framework which holds tissues together

Scaffolding is called the extracellular matrix

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3
Q

What are the constituents of the ECM(extra cellular matrix)

A

Proteins - provide scaffolding material & tensile strength

Carbohydrates - form large branched structures ( proteoglycans )

Water - tissue provides a soluble signalling medium

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4
Q

The space occupied by the glucosaminocygan/ proteoglycan / water component of ECM is…

A

Ground substance

Appears as transparent space does not survive the harsh processing of fixation & embedding

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5
Q

Cells of connective tissue can either be…

A

Resident - cells permanently based in CT and produce matrix that forms it
Eg- fibroblasts

Wandering/migratory/transient-move through CT either to fulfil a role in it or on their way somewhere else eg- neutrophils, lymphocytes

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6
Q

Describe fibroblasts;

A

Secrete a wild range of fibres and ground substance

Important in wound healing and tissue regeneration

Often spindle shaped/elongated but can appear a diverse range of shapes

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7
Q

That three fibres is the fibre component of connective tissue made up from?

A
  • collagen fibres
  • elastic fibres
  • reticular fibres
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8
Q

Describe collagen;

A
  • about 25% of all protein in the body is collagen
  • helps tissues resist tensile stress
  • fibroblast cells are collagen secreting
  • produced inside cells
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9
Q

What is tropocollagen?

A

The cell in a precursor form

This polymerises the outside of the cell to form mature collagen fibrils

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10
Q

Describe elastic fibres;

A

Once secreted in polymerises & X-links are formed

Composed of a fibrillin plus elastin

Fibrils may be branched or form flat sheets

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11
Q

Describe reticular fibres;

A

A type of fine collagen

For a mesh work structure called a reticulin

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12
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A

Contains a relatively high proportion of fibres and smaller amounts of ground substance

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13
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

Contains a higher proportion of ground substance and smaller proportion of fibres

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14
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

Fibres are aligned relative to one another

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15
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

No obvious fibre orientation exists

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16
Q

Loose connective tissue can be further categorised into 3 types;

A

1) areolar connective tissue

2) adipose connective tissue

3) reticular connective tissue

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17
Q

Describe areolar connective tissue;

A

Most abundant

Mixture of fibre types

Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type

Substances can move easily from cell to cell

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18
Q

Describe adipose connective tissue;

A

Contains adipocytes (fat stores)

Adipose is the body’s main energy store

Provides a layer of insulin & protects internal structures in the body from external impacts

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19
Q

Describe reticular connective tissue;

A

looks the same as areolar

Made up of short, branched collagen fibres composed of type III collagen

Found in lymphoid tissues - lymph nodes

20
Q

Describe dense regular connective tissue;

A

Strong, most tissue space occupied by fibres

Fewer cells than loose connective tissue

Common in tendons and ligaments

21
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue;

A

Strong, found where resistance to tensile strength is required

Fibroblasts are the predominating cell

Common in lower layers of the skin

22
Q

What is the direction of the dense regular and irregular tissue fibres?

A

Dense regular —> parallel

Dense irregular—> any direction

23
Q

Outline 3 specialised connective tissues;

A

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

24
Q

What 3 types can cartilage be categorised into?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Atypical connective tissue (does not contain any blood vessels) not very good at repairing itself

26
Q

The resident cells within cartilage are called…

A

Chondrocytes

27
Q

Cartilage is often coated in a film of dense irregular connective tissue called…

A

Perichondrium

28
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage;

A

Colourless

Found in joints when protecting bone-on-bone friction

Chondrocytes produce collagen and ground substance

Collagen fibres thin

29
Q

Chondrocyte cells live in spaces within the cartilage matrix called…

A

Lacunae

30
Q

Describe elastic cartilage;

A

Contains some collagen but also elastic fibres

Ability to withstand repeated deformation and return to original

Found in lobe of ear

31
Q

Describe fibrocartilage;

A

Toughest

Found in intervertebral disk

Contains densely packed collagen fibres may include type I

32
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A
  1. Cortical bone tissue - hard, compact exterior of bone
  2. Cancellous/trabecular bone tissue - spongy, porous interior of bone
33
Q

What are the cells that produce bone called?

A

Osteoblasts

34
Q

What is the rounded end section of a long bone called?

A

Epiphysis

35
Q

What is the long section between the epiphyses called?

A

Diaphysis

36
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Bone lined on the outside by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue

37
Q

What is hypocyapatite?

A

Calcium & phosphate containing mineral

38
Q

Describe the cortical bone;

A

AKA compact bone

Makes up about 75% of skeleton weight

Made up of smaller subunits called osteons

39
Q

What are osteons?

A

Series of concentric rings of calcified extracellular matrix containing osteocytes

40
Q

What is the canal called that runs through the middle of each osteon?

A

Haversian canal

Contains bones,blood,nerve supply

41
Q

Describe trabecular bones;

A

AKA cancellous bone

High surface area

Houses the bone marrow

Make up 20% of total bone weight

42
Q

Outline the 3 types of muscle tissue;

A

Smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac

43
Q

The cells of muscle are called …

A

Myocytes

44
Q

Describe smooth muscle;

A

Forms part of the inner layers of hollow organs

Cytoplasm is without straitations

Cells are mono-nuclear

45
Q

Describe striated/skeletal muscle;

A

Allows the skeleton to move

Straitions in their cytoplasm due to the arrangement of actin & myosin

Multinuclear

46
Q

Describe cardiac muscle;

A

Only found in tissues of the heart

Forms an interconnected tube like structure

Cell Biology (30 decks)

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