the endoscope and the GI tract Flashcards
what are the 4 parts of the basic endoscope?
screen
light source, air water
control head
flexible tip
name 6 types of specialised endoscope
gastroscope (stomach) colonoscope (colon) side viewing (ERCP) scope (liver/biliary tree) enteroscope (push, double balloon) Capsule Endoscopic ultrasound
list 4 uses of endoscopes
diagnosis
therapy (emergency and elective)
screening
surveillance
what visual disgnoses can be made via endoscopy?
oesophagitis gastritis ulceration coeliac disease crohns disease ulcerative colitis sclerosing cholangitis
what is contained within the endoscope?
camera
tube to suck up blood etc
light
how do capsules work?
swallowed has battery (so must pass through, cant get stuck or will cause damage), light and camera which produces video of GI tract as it passes through
what does EUS scope do?
press up against wall
produces image of organs etc via altrasound
can take samples via needle
describe the endoscopy technique
endoscope tip inserted
direction of the endoscope operated with left hand by endoscope controls
what type of vascular abnormalities can be discovered by endoscopy?
varices
ectatic blood vessels (GAVE, dieulafoy)
angiodysplasia
name some miscellaneous conditions that can be picked up on by endoscopy
Mallory-Weiss tears diverticulae foreign bodies (bezoars, food, razor blades etc) stones worms
what are the benefits of early diagnosis?
can pick up pre-malignant conditions
can remove tissue in minimally invasive way
easy to follow up
screening
what is barrets cancer?
.
small initial lesion can be removed if caught early
what is lugals iodine used for?
squirted onto oesophagus, makes abnormal mucosa more obvious
chromoendoscopy
what is narrow band imaging?
uses different lights to illuminate deeper tissue
how are diagnoses made via microscopy?
biopsy and histology
brushings and cytology
rarely, aspirates and biopsies for microbiology
what is a therapeutic endoscopy?
endoscopy with the ability to treat down the endoscope