Public Health - Screening for Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what diseases are screened for in adults?

A
AAA (in Men)
Bowel cancer
Breast cancer
Cervical cancer
Diabetic retinopathy
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2
Q

when is bowel cancer screened?

A

Male and female

50-74 every 2 years

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3
Q

when is breast cancer screened?

A

Female

50-70 every 3 years

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4
Q

when is cervical cancer screened?

A

female

25-50 every … years

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5
Q

why is lung cancer not screened?

A

no good test for pre-malignant change

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6
Q

what is Wilson and Jungjer?

A
criteria for screening
The Condition:
- important public health problem
- natural history understood
- recognizable latent or early symptomatic phase
The test:
- simple, safe, precise and validated
.
.
The treatment:
- effective and available
The screening programme:
- evidence that screening is effective/accurate
.
.
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7
Q

are screening and diagnostic test the same?

A

no

Normal/negative result on screening does not equal disease free

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8
Q

what determines the performance of the screening test?

A

sensitivity and specificity

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9
Q

how is sensitivity calculated?

A

= how well the test detects having the disease

= abnormal results/total number of people in disease category X 100

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10
Q

how is specificity calculated?

A

number of normal results where disease is not detected/total number of people without disease X 100

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11
Q

what is a highly sensitive test?

A

picks up most of disease

very few false negatives

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12
Q

what is a highly specific test?

A

correctly detects no disease

few false positives

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13
Q

what are positive predictive values?

A

how reliable is test result when it shows disease is present

= number of people with +ve test result and have the disease/number of people with positive result X 100

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14
Q

what are negative predictive values?

A

………….

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15
Q

advantages of screening?

A
reduced disease incidence
cost effective
reduced disease mortality
.
.
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16
Q

disadvantages of screening?

A
false reassurance
over - investigation and treatment
anxiety
longer period of morbidity with unaltered prognosis
harm from screening
opportunity costs
17
Q

how is recall period decided?

A

based on rate of disease progression

18
Q

does deprivation influence compliance with screening?

A

yes

more deprived = less likely to engage with programme