Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the upper GI tract?

A

Mastication
Deglutition
Taste
Salivation

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2
Q

What are the 4 structures involved in mastication?

A

Upper teeth of maxilla
Lower teeth of mandible
Tongue
Buccinator muscle (cheek muscle)

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3
Q

What is the function of mastication?

A

Chops food increasing surface area which facilitates taste and beginning of digestion

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4
Q

What are the components of the adult dentition?

A
4 quadrants, each containing:
2 incisors (1 & 2)
1 canine (3)
2 premolars (4 & 5)
3 molars (6, 7 & 8)0
(32 in total)
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5
Q

what does the temporomandibular joint consist of?

A

Temporal bone has a mandibular fossa where head of condylar process of mandible sits

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6
Q

what 4 muscles control the opening and closing of the TMJ?

What nerve supplies them?

A
Temporalis major = closes (over temples)
Masseter = closes (jaw)
Medial pterygoid = closes (vertical)
Lateral Pterygoid = opens (horizontal)
All supplied by CN V3 (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
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7
Q

what are the 2 cavities of the TMJ and what separates them?

A

superior cavity for translation
Inferior cavity for rotation
Separated by articular disc

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8
Q

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

pulls the articular disc forward, increasing the size of the superior and inferior cavity cavity

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9
Q

describe the course of CN V3

A

originates in the pons
travels through foramen ovale
travels to muscles of mastication and sensory area

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10
Q

does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) contain both sensory and motor fibres?

A

yes

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11
Q

why might you ask a patient about their dental health or if they have any loose or loose arts of teeth?

A

poses a choking hazard and aspiration risk as well as infection risk

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12
Q

what is the position and function of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

sits vertically in the oropharynx

involved in taste and general sensation (CNIX)

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13
Q

what is the position and function of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

sits horizontally in the oral cavity

involved in taste (CNVII) and general sensation (CNV3)

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of papillae in the tongue and where are they?

A

Foliate = towards the back on the sides
Vallate = v shaped, at division between posterior/anterior
Fungiform (taste buds) = over mid tongue
Filiform = tip of tongue

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15
Q

what is the route of the facial nerve?

A
arises from the pontomedullary junction
travels through the temporal bone via the internal acoustic meatus, then the stylomastoid foramen
Goes on to supply:
anterior 2/3rds of tongue
muscles of facial expression
glands in floor of mouth
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16
Q

how does the facial nerve get to the tongue and mouth glands?

A

it splits in 2 and one half “piggy backs” on the lingual nerve while the other half goes to the muscles of facial expression

17
Q

what is contained in the superior half of the oral cavity and what nerve is responsible for its sensation?

A

gingiva (gums) of oral cavity and palates

innervated by CN V2

18
Q

what is contained in the inferior half of the oral cavity and what nerve is responsible for its sensation?

A

gingiva (gums) of oral cavity and floor of mouth

innervated ny CN V3

19
Q

how sensitive is the posterior wall of the oropharynx?

A

extremely

20
Q

what nerves are responsible for the sensory and motor parts of the gag reflex?

A
sensory = CN IX
Motor = CN IX and X
21
Q

what happens during the gag reflex?

A

the pharynx is constricted (closed off)