The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus

Question 1

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of which membrane system?

Answer 1

the endomembrane system

Question 2

in the RER what is the name of the sac like structures held together by the cytoskeleton?

Answer 2

cisternae

Question 3

what does the endoplasmic reticulum share its composition and structure with?

Answer 3

cell membrane/plasma membrane

Question 4

what does the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 4

separates the cisternal space from the cytosol

Question 5

What chemicals does the ER produce and store?

Answer 5

glycogen, steroids and other macromolecules

Question 6

what does the ER sequester?

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

what does the ER do with proteins?

Answer 7

translation, folding and transport

Question 8

where do the proteins created in the ER end up?

Answer 8

used in the cell membrane or exocytosed from the cell

Question 9

what are the three varieties of ER?

Answer 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

why can the quantity of RER and SER change quickly?

Answer 10

differering metabolic needs

Question 11

Which ER is studded with ribosomes

Answer 11

RER

Question 12

When do ribosomes bind to the RER?

Answer 12

when the protein destined for sorting is synthesised

Question 13

Which ER membrane is continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope

Answer 13

RER

Question 14

Where does the RER shuttle membrane bound vesicles to?

Answer 14

The Golgi apparatus

Question 15

What ER membrane is key in producing lysosomal enzymes?

Answer 15

RER

Question 16

What ER membrane is key in producing secreted proteins

Answer 16

RER

Question 17

What ER membrane is key in producing integral membrane proteins

Answer 17

RER

Question 18

What ER membrane is key in synthesising lipids and steroids?

Answer 18

SER

Question 19

What ER membrane is key in metabolising carbohydrates

Answer 19

SER

Question 20

What ER membrane is key in regulation of calcium concentration (particularly storage in muscle cells)

Answer 20

SER

Question 21

What ER membrane is key in drug detoxification?

Answer 21

SER

Question 22

What ER membrane is key in attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins?

Answer 22

SER

Question 23

What ER membrane is key steroid metabolism?

Answer 23

SER

Question 24

What ER membrane is connected to the nuclear envelope?

Answer 24

SER

Question 25

Why does the SER have increased surface area?

Answer 25

action or storage of key enzymes and the products of these enzymes

Question 26

what is gluconeogenesis

Answer 26

a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non carbohydrate substrates

Question 27

Which enzyme in the liver converts glucose-6-phophate to glucose?

Answer 27

glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P)

Question 28

What is the function of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P)

Answer 28

Allows glucose to be formed from glycogen and released into the blood

Question 29

Which tissue is glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) absent in?

Answer 29

muscle tissue

Question 30

What is the name of the type of SER found in smooth and striated muscle?

Answer 30

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum sequester and release once depolarised?

Answer 31

calcium (which triggers muscle contraction)

Question 32

What is a microsome

Answer 32

small vesicles which reseal when ER is homegenised