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Cell Biology > Mitochondria > Flashcards

Mitochondria Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are mitochondria mostly clustered?

A

in regions of greatest metabolic activity (greatest need of ATP)

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2
Q

what is the name of the theory that says mitochondria are descended from ancient bacteria, which were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotic cells more than a billion years ago

A

Endosymbiotic theory

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3
Q

what are the beta barrel shaped integral proteins on the outer membrane of the mitochondria called?

A

porins

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4
Q

what is the maximum size of molecules that can pass through porins?

A

<5000 Daltons

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5
Q

Where in the mitochondria is cytochrome c found?

A

inter membrane space

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6
Q

which area of the mitochondria has the same concentrations of ions and sugars as cytosol?

A

inter membrane space

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7
Q

what does ATP synthase do?

A

generates the energy storage molecule ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

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8
Q

what are the folds in the matrix of the mitochondria called?

A

cristae

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9
Q

what are the four functions of the inner membrane proteins

A
  1. Oxidative phosphorylation
  2. ATP synthesis
  3. transport proteins
  4. Protein import machinery
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10
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is highly impermeable to all molecules?

A

the inner membrane due to it not containing porins

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11
Q

What is ATP Synthase?

A

An enzyme that synthesises ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)

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12
Q

Which membrane has a high protein to phospholipid ratio

A

the inner membrane (More than 3:1 by weight (1protein for 15phospholipids)

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13
Q

why is cardiolipin so unusual?

A

it contains four fatty acids rather than two and may help to make the inner membrane impermeable

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14
Q

which membrane requires almost all ions and molecules to be transported by transport proteins to enter or exit the matrix

A

the inner membrane

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15
Q

which membrane is rich in cardiolipin

A

the inner membrane

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16
Q

what is the function of cristae

A

they expand the inner mitochondrial membrane space creating more surface area which enhances its ability to produce ATP

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17
Q

why does muscle cell mitochondria contain more cristae than typical liver cell mitochondria?

A

greater demand for ATP

18
Q

which part of the mitochondria contains about 2/3 of the total protein found in a mitochondrion ?

A

the matrix

19
Q

which site is important in the production of ATP with the aid of ATP synthase (contained in the inner membrane)

A

the matrix

20
Q

Where in the mitochondrion can a highly concentrated mixture of 100s of enzymes be found?

A

the matrix

21
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for phospholipid synthesis?

A

outer membrane

22
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for fatty acid desaturation?

A

outer membrane

23
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for electron transport chain redox reactions?

A

inner membrane

24
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for pyruvate oxidation?

A

matrix

25
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for oxidative phosphorylation?

A

inner membrane

26
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for fatty acid elongation?

A

outer membrane

27
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for the TCA (krebs) cycle

A

matrix

28
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for pyruvate import

A

inner membrane

29
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for fatty acyl CoA import

A

inner membrane

30
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for beta oxidation of fats

A

matrix

31
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for metabolite transport

A

inner membrane

32
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for DNA replication

A

matrix

33
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for RNA synthesis (transcription)

A

matrix

34
Q

which mitochondrial membrane is responsible for protein synthesis (translation)

A

matrix

35
Q

What is produced when ADP is catalysed by ATP synthase and a phosphate group

A

ATP and H2O

36
Q

Where is the concentration of H+ ions at its greatest within the mitochondria?

A

inner membrane

37
Q

what produces the electrochemical force that turns the driveshaft subunit in ATP synthase?

A

Protons (H+)

38
Q

The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:

A

ADP + Pi + 3H+out ⇌ ATP + H2O + 3H+in

39
Q

Which ATP synthase subunit is hydrophobic?

A

FO region

40
Q

Which ATP synthase subunit region is hydrophilic

A

F1 region

41
Q

ATP synthase uses a chemiosmotic proton gradient to power ATP synthesis through which chemical process?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

42
Q

Which ATP synthase subunit protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix

A

F1 region

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