Prokaryotes

Question 1

Which prokaryotes mostly are extremophiles?

Answer 1

archaea

Question 2

what classification of cell are bacteria and archaea?

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

animal and plant cells are examples of what specification of cell?

Answer 3

eukaryotes

Question 4

Which is larger, a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 4

eukaryote

Question 5

which type of cell has its DNA in a membrane bound nucleus?

Answer 5

eukaryote

Question 6

which type of cell has a compact genome of circular DNA?

Answer 6

prokaryote

Question 7

which type of cell has simple internal structure and organelles?

Answer 7

prokaryote

Question 8

which type of cell has translation occur in its cytoplasm?

Answer 8

eukaryote

Question 9

which type of cell has transcription and translation coupled to DNA synthesis

Answer 9

prokaryote

Question 10

which type of cell has its cytoplasmic membrane used for energy conservation reactions

Answer 10

prokaryote

Question 11

which type of cell performs DNA replication and transcription in its nucleus?

Answer 11

eukaryote

Question 12

what is the name of the organelle that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell?

Answer 12

Cell membrane

Question 13

what is the name of the long, whip-like protrusion that aids cellular locomotion used by both gram positive and gram negative organisms?

Answer 13

Flagellum (not always present)

Question 14

what is the name of the outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape?

Answer 14

Cell wall (except genera Mycoplasma and Thermoplasma)

Question 15

what is the name of the gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

what is the name of the cell structures responsible for protein production?

Answer 16

Ribosome

Question 17

what is the name of the area of the cytoplasm that contains the prokaryote’s single DNA molecule?

Answer 17

Nucleoid

Question 18

what is the name of the glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membranes?

Answer 18

Glycocalyx (only in some types of prokaryotes)

Question 19

A bacterium that is spherical or ovoid is called a …

Answer 19

coccus e.g. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus.

Question 20

A bacterium with cylindrical shape called a …

Answer 20

rod or a bacillus

Question 21

Some rods twist into spiral shapes and are called …

Answer 21

spirilla (singular, spirillum).

Question 22

What type of asexual reproduction do prokaryotes undergo

Answer 22

binary fission

Question 23

Which type of bacteria have an outer lipopolysaccharide and protein outer membrane?

Answer 23

gram-negative

Question 24

Which type of bacteria have a peptidoglycan outer membrane?

Answer 24

gram positive

Question 25

Peptidoglycan can be destroyed by lysozyme (tears, saliva etc). True or false?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

peptidoglycan cell walls are targeted by which antibiotic

Answer 26

penicillin

Question 27

What type of bacteria's outer membrane contains a lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)

Answer 27

gram negative

Question 28

which type of bacteria is toxic to animals

Answer 28

gram negative

Question 29

capsules and slime layers are often made from peptidoglycan. true or false?

Answer 29

false, capsules and slime layers are often made of polysaccharides

Question 30

what organelle in bacteria is used in the development of biofilm?

Answer 30

capsule and slime layers

Question 31

What are the bristle like short fibres occurs on the surface of bacteria

Answer 31

fimbriae (occur on both gram positive and negative bacteria)

Question 32

what are the long hair like tubular microfibres like structures present on the surface of bacteria

Answer 32

pili (only occur on gram negative bacteria)

Question 33

what is the function of fimbriae?

Answer 33

Fimbriae enable adherence to surfaces and tissues

Question 34

what two functions do pili have?

Answer 34

1. Adherence of pathogens to host tissues | 2. Facilitation of exchange of genetic material between cells

Question 35

what is the name of the long thin filaments made of flagellin protein?

Answer 35

flagella

Question 36

what is the function of a flagella

Answer 36

locomotion