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Cell Biology > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

Which prokaryotes mostly are extremophiles?

A

archaea

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2
Q

what classification of cell are bacteria and archaea?

A

prokaryotes

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3
Q

animal and plant cells are examples of what specification of cell?

A

eukaryotes

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4
Q

Which is larger, a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

eukaryote

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5
Q

which type of cell has its DNA in a membrane bound nucleus?

A

eukaryote

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6
Q

which type of cell has a compact genome of circular DNA?

A

prokaryote

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7
Q

which type of cell has simple internal structure and organelles?

A

prokaryote

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8
Q

which type of cell has translation occur in its cytoplasm?

A

eukaryote

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9
Q

which type of cell has transcription and translation coupled to DNA synthesis

A

prokaryote

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10
Q

which type of cell has its cytoplasmic membrane used for energy conservation reactions

A

prokaryote

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11
Q

which type of cell performs DNA replication and transcription in its nucleus?

A

eukaryote

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12
Q

what is the name of the organelle that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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13
Q

what is the name of the long, whip-like protrusion that aids cellular locomotion used by both gram positive and gram negative organisms?

A

Flagellum (not always present)

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14
Q

what is the name of the outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape?

A

Cell wall (except genera Mycoplasma and Thermoplasma)

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15
Q

what is the name of the gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules?

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

what is the name of the cell structures responsible for protein production?

A

Ribosome

17
Q

what is the name of the area of the cytoplasm that contains the prokaryote’s single DNA molecule?

A

Nucleoid

18
Q

what is the name of the glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membranes?

A

Glycocalyx (only in some types of prokaryotes)

19
Q

A bacterium that is spherical or ovoid is called a …

A

coccus e.g. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus.

20
Q

A bacterium with cylindrical shape called a …

A

rod or a bacillus

21
Q

Some rods twist into spiral shapes and are called …

A

spirilla (singular, spirillum).

22
Q

What type of asexual reproduction do prokaryotes undergo

A

binary fission

23
Q

Which type of bacteria have an outer lipopolysaccharide and protein outer membrane?

A

gram-negative

24
Q

Which type of bacteria have a peptidoglycan outer membrane?

A

gram positive

25
Q

Peptidoglycan can be destroyed by lysozyme (tears, saliva etc). True or false?

A

True

26
Q

peptidoglycan cell walls are targeted by which antibiotic

A

penicillin

27
Q

What type of bacteria’s outer membrane contains a lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)

A

gram negative

28
Q

which type of bacteria is toxic to animals

A

gram negative

29
Q

capsules and slime layers are often made from peptidoglycan. true or false?

A

false, capsules and slime layers are often made of polysaccharides

30
Q

what organelle in bacteria is used in the development of biofilm?

A

capsule and slime layers

31
Q

What are the bristle like short fibres occurs on the surface of bacteria

A

fimbriae (occur on both gram positive and negative bacteria)

32
Q

what are the long hair like tubular microfibres like structures present on the surface of bacteria

A

pili (only occur on gram negative bacteria)

33
Q

what is the function of fimbriae?

A

Fimbriae enable adherence to surfaces and tissues

34
Q

what two functions do pili have?

A
  1. Adherence of pathogens to host tissues

2. Facilitation of exchange of genetic material between cells

35
Q

what is the name of the long thin filaments made of flagellin protein?

A

flagella

36
Q

what is the function of a flagella

A

locomotion

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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