Prokaryotes Flashcards
Which prokaryotes mostly are extremophiles?
archaea
what classification of cell are bacteria and archaea?
prokaryotes
animal and plant cells are examples of what specification of cell?
eukaryotes
Which is larger, a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
eukaryote
which type of cell has its DNA in a membrane bound nucleus?
eukaryote
which type of cell has a compact genome of circular DNA?
prokaryote
which type of cell has simple internal structure and organelles?
prokaryote
which type of cell has translation occur in its cytoplasm?
eukaryote
which type of cell has transcription and translation coupled to DNA synthesis
prokaryote
which type of cell has its cytoplasmic membrane used for energy conservation reactions
prokaryote
which type of cell performs DNA replication and transcription in its nucleus?
eukaryote
what is the name of the organelle that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
what is the name of the long, whip-like protrusion that aids cellular locomotion used by both gram positive and gram negative organisms?
Flagellum (not always present)
what is the name of the outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape?
Cell wall (except genera Mycoplasma and Thermoplasma)
what is the name of the gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules?
Cytoplasm
what is the name of the cell structures responsible for protein production?
Ribosome
what is the name of the area of the cytoplasm that contains the prokaryote’s single DNA molecule?
Nucleoid
what is the name of the glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membranes?
Glycocalyx (only in some types of prokaryotes)
A bacterium that is spherical or ovoid is called a …
coccus e.g. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus.
A bacterium with cylindrical shape called a …
rod or a bacillus
Some rods twist into spiral shapes and are called …
spirilla (singular, spirillum).
What type of asexual reproduction do prokaryotes undergo
binary fission
Which type of bacteria have an outer lipopolysaccharide and protein outer membrane?
gram-negative
Which type of bacteria have a peptidoglycan outer membrane?
gram positive
Peptidoglycan can be destroyed by lysozyme (tears, saliva etc). True or false?
True
peptidoglycan cell walls are targeted by which antibiotic
penicillin
What type of bacteria’s outer membrane contains a lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)
gram negative
which type of bacteria is toxic to animals
gram negative
capsules and slime layers are often made from peptidoglycan. true or false?
false, capsules and slime layers are often made of polysaccharides
what organelle in bacteria is used in the development of biofilm?
capsule and slime layers
What are the bristle like short fibres occurs on the surface of bacteria
fimbriae (occur on both gram positive and negative bacteria)
what are the long hair like tubular microfibres like structures present on the surface of bacteria
pili (only occur on gram negative bacteria)
what is the function of fimbriae?
Fimbriae enable adherence to surfaces and tissues
what two functions do pili have?
- Adherence of pathogens to host tissues
2. Facilitation of exchange of genetic material between cells
what is the name of the long thin filaments made of flagellin protein?
flagella
what is the function of a flagella
locomotion
