Signal Transduction Flashcards
as biomedical scientists how can we help characterise cancer tissue via an ezymatic reaction on the antibodies?
immunostaining
what transmambrane receptor does the Hercep test bind to?
HER2
what is HER2/neu
HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF)
what is a growth factor?
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation.
name the four EGF factors
- EGFR (ErbB1)
- HER2/Neu (ErbB2)
- HER3 (ErbB2)
- HER4 (ErbB4)
what is the term for a substance that promotes mitosis
mitogen
name the four types of signal transduction
- contact dependant
- paracrine
- synaptic
- endocrine
which type of cell transduction requires the recognition of membrane proteins and other molecules on the surfaces of adjacent cells to have direct contact with each other and specific surface molecules on plasma membranes.
contact dependant
which type of cell transduction occurs in the nervous system?
synaptic
which type of cell transduction is is a form of cell signaling or cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells.
paracrine
which type of signalling uses the bloodstream to transport chemicals to target receptors throughout the bodies tissues?
endocrine
name 3 types of protein complexes/domains
dimers, trimeric complexes and tertamers
What does a Tyrosine-kinase receptor do once it is activated?
Inactive proteins within the cell bind to the phosphorylated tyrosine residues, the phosphate is transferred to the proteins, and the proteins become active
how is tyrosine kinase activated
extracellular binding of dimers cause the inactive intracellular tail of tyrosine kinase to become active and receive phosphates from the intracellular space.
the phosphorylated tyrosine kinase residues act as docking ports for what?
intracellular signalling proteins with sH2 domains
which first messenger hormones operate by interacting with transmembrane receptors and activate a second messenger system (e.g cAMP)?
peptide hormones
which hormones enter the cell to interact directly with intracellular cytoplasmic receptors? (once the target cell responds, the response is recognised by the hormone producing cells through a feedback signal and the hormone is degraded)
steroid hormones
what molecule is sythesised from ATP and requires the enzyme adenylate cyclase for production?
cAMP ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
which hormones generally have a shorter half life?
peptide hormones (i.e epinephrine)
Which hormones are insoluable in water and usually take longer to metabolise
steroid hormones
what is the name for the type of signalling that happens when cells react to their own signals?
autocrine
cortisol is an example of what type of hormone?
steroid hormone
epinephrine is an example of what type of hormone?
peptide hormone
insulin is an example of what type of hormone?
peptide hormone
testosterone is an example of what type of hormone?
steroid hormone
