The Endocrine System - Edrolo Textbook Flashcards
What is the endocrine system responsible for?
Producing hormones
How do cells send and receive special molecules?
Through signaling molecules
What is an example of what a signaling molecule can make a cell do?
- Alter gene expression
- Die
- Release signaling molecules
- Open and close protein channels
What is one of the most important groups of signaling molecules?
Hormones
Name 5 things that hormones influence
- Growth
- Metabolism
- Maintenance
- Sexual development
- Maturity
How do hormone molecules function?
By binding to specific receptors of target cells
Hormones can only influence cells with _________
thus it is _____________
Specific receptors,
Specific
The endocrine system is responsible for what?
Producing hormones
The endocrine system is a _____________ in an _____________
collection of glands, organism
What system transports the hormones?
The blood circulatory system
Describe the hypothalamus
A small region of the brain (1)
Helps maintain body temperature (1)
Influences the function of the pituitary gland (1)
What organ is this describing
A small region of the brain (1)
Helps maintain body temperature (1)
Influences the function of the pituitary gland (1)
The hypothalamus
Describe the pituitary gland
Pea-sized area in the brain (1)
Often called ‘master gland’ (1)
Regulates many other glands (1)
What organ is this describing?
Pea-sized area in the brain (1)
Often called ‘master gland’ (1)
Regulates many other glands (1)
Pituitary gland
Describe the Pineal gland
Located in the brain (1)
Involved in sleep regulation (1)
What organ is this describing?
Located in the brain (1)
Involved in sleep regulation (1)
The Pineal gland
Describe the Thyroid and
parathyroid glands
Several small glands (1)
Located on the base of the neck (1)
Controls growth rate (1)
Controls metabolism (1)
Controls development of the body (1)
What organ is this describing?
Several small glands (1)
Located on the base of the neck (1)
Controls growth rate (1)
Controls metabolism (1)
Controls development of the body (1)
Thyroid and
parathyroid glands
Describe the thymus
Located between the lungs (1)
produces the hormone thymosin which stimulates the development of cells of the immune system (1)
Only active until puberty (1)
What organ is this describing?
Located between the lungs (1)
produces the hormone thymosin which stimulates the development of cells of the immune system (1)
Only active until puberty (1)
Thymus
Describe the pancreas?
Involved in the digestive system (1)
Responsible of maintenance of blood glucose levels (1)
Releases insulin (1)
Releases glucagon (1)
What organ is this describing?
Involved in the digestive system (1)
Responsible of maintenance of blood glucose levels (1)
Releases insulin (1)
Releases glucagon (1)
The pancreas
Describe the adrenal glands.
Found above the kidney (1)
Involved in body’s stress response (1)
Involved in metabolic regulation (1)
Involved in blood pressure (1)
Involved in the immune system (1)
What organ is this describing?
Found above the kidney (1)
Involved in body’s stress response (1)
Involved in metabolic regulation (1)
Involved in blood pressure (1)
Involved in the immune system (1)
Adrenal glands
Describe the placenta
Located in the uterus (1)
Maintains healthy pregnancy (1)
What organ is this describing?
Located in the uterus (1)
Maintains healthy pregnancy (1)
Placenta
What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?
Growth hormone
What hormone does the thyroid glands produce?
Thyroxine
What hormone does the adrenal glands produce?
Adrenaline
What hormone does the pancreas produce?
Insulin
What hormone does the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen (Estrogen)
What hormone does the testes produce?
Testosterone
Target cells/organs for the pituitary glands
Bone and muscle
Target cells/organs for the ovaries
Female reproductive tissue
Target cells/organs for the testes
Male reproductive tissue
Effect/response of the pituitary gland
- Protein synthesis
- Growth
Effect/response of the thyroid glands
- Regulation of cellular metabolism
Effect/response of the adrenal glands
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased respiratory rate
- Increased muscle contractions
Effect/response of the pancreas
Regulation of blood glucose levels
Effect/response of the ovaries
- Sexual development
- Breast development
- Regulation of menstrual cycle
Effect/response of the testes
- Sexual development
- Increased muscle
- Body hair growth
What are the two major types of tissue within the pancreas?
Exocrine acini tissue
Pancreatic islets
What is the exocrine acini tissue responsible for?
Producing and secreting pancreatic enzymes for digestion
What is the pancreatic islets responsible for?
Producing and secreting hormones
What are the 3 cells that make a part a pancreatic islet
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
What hormone is the alpha cell responsible for?
Glucagon
What hormone is the beta cell responsible for?
Insulin
What hormone is the Delta cell responsible for?
Somatostatin
