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Biology - Unit 1 > The Endocrine System - Edrolo Textbook > Flashcards

The Endocrine System - Edrolo Textbook Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the endocrine system responsible for?

A

Producing hormones

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2
Q

How do cells send and receive special molecules?

A

Through signaling molecules

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3
Q

What is an example of what a signaling molecule can make a cell do?

A
  • Alter gene expression
  • Die
  • Release signaling molecules
  • Open and close protein channels
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4
Q

What is one of the most important groups of signaling molecules?

A

Hormones

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5
Q

Name 5 things that hormones influence

A
  • Growth
  • Metabolism
  • Maintenance
  • Sexual development
  • Maturity
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6
Q

How do hormone molecules function?

A

By binding to specific receptors of target cells

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7
Q

Hormones can only influence cells with _________
thus it is _____________

A

Specific receptors,

Specific

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8
Q

The endocrine system is responsible for what?

A

Producing hormones

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9
Q

The endocrine system is a _____________ in an _____________

A

collection of glands, organism

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10
Q

What system transports the hormones?

A

The blood circulatory system

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11
Q

Describe the hypothalamus

A

A small region of the brain (1)
Helps maintain body temperature (1)
Influences the function of the pituitary gland (1)

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12
Q

What organ is this describing
A small region of the brain (1)
Helps maintain body temperature (1)
Influences the function of the pituitary gland (1)

A

The hypothalamus

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13
Q

Describe the pituitary gland

A

Pea-sized area in the brain (1)
Often called ‘master gland’ (1)
Regulates many other glands (1)

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14
Q

What organ is this describing?

Pea-sized area in the brain (1)
Often called ‘master gland’ (1)
Regulates many other glands (1)

A

Pituitary gland

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15
Q

Describe the Pineal gland

A

Located in the brain (1)
Involved in sleep regulation (1)

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16
Q

What organ is this describing?

Located in the brain (1)
Involved in sleep regulation (1)

A

The Pineal gland

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17
Q

Describe the Thyroid and
parathyroid glands

A

Several small glands (1)
Located on the base of the neck (1)
Controls growth rate (1)
Controls metabolism (1)
Controls development of the body (1)

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18
Q

What organ is this describing?

Several small glands (1)
Located on the base of the neck (1)
Controls growth rate (1)
Controls metabolism (1)
Controls development of the body (1)

A

Thyroid and
parathyroid glands

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19
Q

Describe the thymus

A

Located between the lungs (1)
produces the hormone thymosin which stimulates the development of cells of the immune system (1)
Only active until puberty (1)

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20
Q

What organ is this describing?

Located between the lungs (1)
produces the hormone thymosin which stimulates the development of cells of the immune system (1)
Only active until puberty (1)

A

Thymus

21
Q

Describe the pancreas?

A

Involved in the digestive system (1)

Responsible of maintenance of blood glucose levels (1)

Releases insulin (1)

Releases glucagon (1)

22
Q

What organ is this describing?

Involved in the digestive system (1)

Responsible of maintenance of blood glucose levels (1)

Releases insulin (1)

Releases glucagon (1)

A

The pancreas

23
Q

Describe the adrenal glands.

A

Found above the kidney (1)
Involved in body’s stress response (1)
Involved in metabolic regulation (1)
Involved in blood pressure (1)
Involved in the immune system (1)

24
Q

What organ is this describing?

Found above the kidney (1)
Involved in body’s stress response (1)
Involved in metabolic regulation (1)
Involved in blood pressure (1)
Involved in the immune system (1)

A

Adrenal glands

25
Q

Describe the placenta

A

Located in the uterus (1)
Maintains healthy pregnancy (1)

26
Q

What organ is this describing?

Located in the uterus (1)
Maintains healthy pregnancy (1)

A

Placenta

27
Q

What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?

A

Growth hormone

28
Q

What hormone does the thyroid glands produce?

A

Thyroxine

29
Q

What hormone does the adrenal glands produce?

A

Adrenaline

30
Q

What hormone does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin

31
Q

What hormone does the ovaries produce?

A

Oestrogen (Estrogen)

32
Q

What hormone does the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

33
Q

Target cells/organs for the pituitary glands

A

Bone and muscle

34
Q

Target cells/organs for the ovaries

A

Female reproductive tissue

35
Q

Target cells/organs for the testes

A

Male reproductive tissue

36
Q

Effect/response of the pituitary gland

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Growth
37
Q

Effect/response of the thyroid glands

A
  • Regulation of cellular metabolism
38
Q

Effect/response of the adrenal glands

A
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Increased muscle contractions
39
Q

Effect/response of the pancreas

A

Regulation of blood glucose levels

40
Q

Effect/response of the ovaries

A
  • Sexual development
  • Breast development
  • Regulation of menstrual cycle
41
Q

Effect/response of the testes

A
  • Sexual development
  • Increased muscle
  • Body hair growth
42
Q

What are the two major types of tissue within the pancreas?

A

Exocrine acini tissue
Pancreatic islets

43
Q

What is the exocrine acini tissue responsible for?

A

Producing and secreting pancreatic enzymes for digestion

44
Q

What is the pancreatic islets responsible for?

A

Producing and secreting hormones

45
Q

What are the 3 cells that make a part a pancreatic islet

A

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells

46
Q

What hormone is the alpha cell responsible for?

A

Glucagon

47
Q

What hormone is the beta cell responsible for?

A

Insulin

48
Q

What hormone is the Delta cell responsible for?

A

Somatostatin

Biology - Unit 1 (20 decks)

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