Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Disruption Flashcards
What is apoptosis? (1 mark)
I mark: The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development.
What do apoptosis and necrosis have in common? (1 mark)
1 mark: Results in cell death
What is different about apoptosis and necrosis? (5 marks)
1 mark: Apoptosis is controlled whilst Necrosis is uncontrolled
1 mark: Apoptosis includes cellular shrinkage whilst necrosis includes cellular swelling
1 mark: In Apoptosis, cell contents are digested by neighboring cells whilst in necrosis cell contents are digested by macrophages
1 mark: In Apoptosis there is no inflammation whilst in Necrosis there is
1 mark: In Apoptosis there is membrane blebbing but integrity is maintained but in Necrosis there is a loss of membrane integrity
Why does Necrosis occur? (4 marks)
1 mark: Injuries
1 mark: Infections
1 mark: Diseases
1 mark: Extreme environmental conditions
Outline how uncontrolled cell growth occurs. (1 mark)
1 mark: Explains how uncontrolled cell growth happens through DNA and genes
What is the role of apoptosis in mitosis and the cell cycle? (2 marks)
1 mark: Apoptosis helps eliminate unwanted cells
1 mark: Thus stopping them from dividing
What is the role of apoptosis in organ and tissue formation? (1 mark)
1 mark: Contributes to the appropriate formation of various organs and structures
How do proto-oncogenes regulate the cell cycle? (1 mark)
1 mark: Drive the cell forward allowing cells to proceed from one cell cycle stage to the next.
How do tumor suppressor genes regulate the cell cycle? (1 mark)
1 mark: Encodes a protein that acts to regulate cell division, keeping it in check
How p53 genes regulate the cell cycle (1 mark)
1 mark: Promotes the cell cycle arrest to allow DNA repair and/or apoptosis to prevent cells with serious DNA damage from splitting.
