6C Edrolo Chapter Flashcards
Where do we get glucose from?
Carbohydrates
Steps of glucose from food
- The digestive system breaks down the glucose from food into a variety of enzymes
- Glucose is absorbed by the small intestine
- Glucose is released into the bloodstream
- Glucose travels around the body to different cells
- Once in cells, respiration takes place
- ATP is produced
What is the name of the process that produces glycogon
Glycogenesis
What is the name of the process that converts glucagon into glucose
Glycogenolysis
What does glucose travel in across the body?
Blood plasma
What happens when a person has too much Glucose (name)
hyperglycaemic
What happens when a person has too little Glucose (name)
hypoglycaemic
How does our body maintain the right level of glucose?
Homeostasis
Stimulus in homeostasis of glucose
Blood glucose levels
Receptor in homeostasis of glucose
The pancreas (Islets of
Langerhans)
Modulator in homeostasis of glucose
The pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
Effector of homeostasis of glucose
Variety of cells and tissues
Response of homeostasis of glucose
increase or
decrease in
blood sugar
levels
When an islet of Langerhans detects a blood glucose level above around 5 mmol/L, what happens?
Beta cells release insulin
Two different pathways of insulin (glucose homeostasis)
- Skeletal muscle and fat cells absorb more glucose from the blood
- Liver cells are stimulated to convert more glucose into glycogen
Two different effectors used to decrease glucose levels
- Liver cells
- Skeletal, muscle, and fat cells
Response of liver cells effector (homeostasis of glucose)
increased
conversion
of glucose to
glycogen
Response of “Skeletal, muscle, and fat cells” effector (homeostasis of glucose)
insertion of glucose
transporters into
cell membrane
List what homeostasis does when blood sugar is too low
Stimulus: Blood glucose levels
Receptor: Islets of
Langerhans
Moderator: islets of Langerhans
Effector: Liver cells
Response: Breakdown of glycogen into glucose, released into the blood stream
