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Biology - Unit 1 > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

Breaks down food

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2
Q

Importance of carbohydrates

A

Provides a source of immediate energy

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3
Q

Importance of proteins

A

Structural components

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4
Q

Importance of vitamins

A

Used to make enzymes

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5
Q

Importance of minerals

A

Structural components

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6
Q

The two methods of food digestion

A
  • Physical digestion
  • Chemical digestion
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7
Q

Describe physical digestion

A

When food gets broken down through mechanical movement of organs and tissues

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8
Q

Describe chemical digestion

A

Digestion through enzymes and stomach acid

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9
Q

The four steps of digestion

A
  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Elimination/egestion
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10
Q

Describe ingestion (2.3)

A
  • The first step of digestion
  • Teeth, saliva, and tongue
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11
Q

Describe digestion (2)

A
  • The second second step of digestion
  • Occurs along the digestive tract
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12
Q

Describe absorption (3)

A
  • The third step of digestion
  • When food is broken into smaller molecules
  • It is here, where energy from food is ready to be used by the body
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13
Q

Describe elimination/egestion (3)

A
  • Fourth and final step of digestion
  • Undigested food is eliminated from the body as faeces
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14
Q

Oral cavity (2)

A
  • The beginning of the digestive system
  • The site of ingestion
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15
Q

Salivary glands

A

Glands that produce and release saliva

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16
Q

Esophagus (2)

A
  • Hollow tube
  • Connects the oral cavity to the stomach
17
Q

Stomach (3)

A
  • A temporary storage tank
  • Food is mixed through muscular movements like churning
  • Releases digestive enzymes
18
Q

Liver (3)

A
  • Site of bile production
  • Regulates metabolism
  • Toxin removal
19
Q

Gallbladder

A

Where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine

20
Q

Where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine

A

Gallbladder

21
Q
  • Site of bile production
  • Regulates metabolism
  • Toxin removal
22
Q
  • A temporary storage tank
  • Food is mixed through muscular movements like churning
  • Releases digestive enzymes
23
Q
  • Hollow tube
  • Connects the oral cavity to the stomach
24
Q

Glands that produce and release saliva

A

Saliva glands

25
Q
  • The beginning of the digestive system
  • The site of ingestion
A

Oral cavity

26
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Produces digestive enzymes
  • Regulates blood sugar levels
  • Responsible for secreting bicarbonate
  • Neutralizes acids in chyme
27
Q
  • Produces digestive enzymes
  • Regulates blood sugar levels
  • Responsible for secreting bicarbonate
  • Neutralizes acids in chyme
28
Q

The three sections of the small intestine

A
  • Duodenum
  • The jejenum
  • Ileum
29
Q

Small intestine (2)

A
  • Absorb nutrients from food
  • Continue breaking down food
30
Q
  • Absorb nutrients from food
  • Continue breaking down food
A

Small intestine

31
Q

Large intestine (2)

A
  • Final absorption
  • Water reabsorbed from undigested food
32
Q
  • Final absorption
  • Water reabsorbed from undigested food
A

Large intestine

33
Q

What is the junction between the small and large intestine

34
Q

Three parts of the large intestine

A
  • Colon
  • Cecum
  • Rectum
35
Q

Rectum

A
  • Final absorption
  • Water reabsorbed from undigested food
36
Q
  • Final absorption
  • Water reabsorbed from undigested food
37
Q

Anus

A

The end of the digestive tract in which faeces are expelled

38
Q

The end of the digestive tract in which faeces are expelled

39
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract

Biology - Unit 1 (20 decks)

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