OneNote Notes AoS 1

Question 1

What are the two key pathways of apoptosis?

Answer 1

Mitochondrial pathway
Death receptor pathway

Question 2

The Death receptor pathway is also known as…

Answer 2

The extrinsic pathway

Question 3

The mitochondrial pathway is caused due to….

Answer 3

cell stress

Question 4

The death receptor pathway is caused due to….

Answer 4

immune cells

Question 5

Both the mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway activates?

Answer 5

Caspase enzyme

Question 6

The caspase enzyme causes?

Answer 6

Cell death

Question 7

Steps of the mitochondrial pathway

Answer 7

1. Cell is damaged by malfunctioning
2. Mitochondria defeat this
3. Mitochondria release cytochrome c into the cytosol
4. Cytochrome c binds to cytosolic proteins to form an apoptosome
5. Apoptosome activates caspase enzyme initiating apoptosis

Question 8

Steps of the death receptor pathway

Answer 8

1. Death signaling molecules released by other cells
2. These molecules are recognized by death receptors
3. When the molecules bind to the receptors, caspase enzyme is triggered.
4. Caspase enzyme triggers apoptosis

Question 9

Steps of apoptosis.

Answer 9

1. Caspase enzyme activated
2. Digestion of cell contents
3. Cell shrinks
4. Membrane blebbing

Question 10

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 10

Endocytosis of apoptotic bodies by phagocytes