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Biology - Unit 1 > Cell Ultrastructure and Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Cell Ultrastructure and Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain how the term fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane? (3 marks)

A

1 mark - It likens the membrane to a mosaic of different components

1 mark - The components of the plasma membrane include phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates

1 mark - States how these components can move around to an extent

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2
Q

How does the fluid mosaic model allow for membrane transport? (3 marks)

A

1 mark - Helps the cell membrane maintain its role

1 mark - Its role as a barrier

1 mark - A barrier between the inside and outside of the cell environments

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3
Q

Explain what is diffusion (simple). (5 marks)

A

1 mark - A type of passive transport

1 mark - Transports small and uncharged molecules

1 mark - Transports through the semi-permeable membrane

1 mark - Transports down a concentration gradient

1 mark - Does not require energy

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4
Q

Explain what’s facilitated diffusion. (6 marks)

A

1 mark - A type of passive transport

1 mark - Utilizes membrane proteins

1 mark - Carries large and charged molecules

1 mark - Transports down a concentration gradient

1 mark - Transports through a semi-permeable membrane

1 mark - Does not require energy

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5
Q

Explain what’s Osmosis (6 marks)

A

1 mark - A type of passive transport

1 mark - Travels down a concentration gradient

1 mark - Does not require energy

1 mark - Transport of water

1 mark - May use membrane proteins such as aquaporins

1 mark - Travels through a semi-permeable membrane

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6
Q

Two words for hydrophilic (1 mark)

A

Water loving

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7
Q

Two words for hydrophobic (1 mark)

A

Water fearing

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8
Q

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic: Can mix with water (1 mark)

A

Hydrophilic

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9
Q

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic: Cannot mix with water (1 mark)

A

Hydrophobic

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus? (4 marks)

A

1 mark: The control center of the cell

1 mark: Contains DNA

1 mark: Contains chromosomes

1 mark: Dictates how the cell is run

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11
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria? (3 marks)

A

1 mark: The “power house” of the cell.

1 mark: Site of cellular respiration

1 mark: Generates ATP

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12
Q

What is the function of the ribosome? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: Protein synthesis

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13
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? (2 marks)

A

1 mark: The “packaging center”

1 mark: Proteins are sorted for transport

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell wall? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: Provides structure in its appropriate cell types

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15
Q

What is the function of the rough ER? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: Quality control for some proteins

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16
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: Synthesis of lipids

17
Q

What is the function of the lysosome? (2 marks)

A

1 mark: Digestive system

1 mark: The rubbish cleaners of the cell

18
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: Maintains cell shape

19
Q

Explain protein mediated transport. (5 marks)

A

1 mark: A type of active transport

1 mark: Uses membrane proteins

1 mark: Moves against a concentration gradient

1 mark: Crosses a semi-permeable membrane

1 mark: Uses energy

20
Q

Explain endocytosis. (7 marks)

A

1 mark: A type of active transport

1 mark: Uses vesicles

1 mark: Moves against a concentration gradient

1 mark: Requires energy

1 mark: Moves through a semipermeable membrane

1 mark: Involves cell entering the cell

1 mark: A type of bulk transport

21
Q

Explain exocytosis? (7 marks)

A

1 mark: A type of active transport

1 mark: Uses vesicles

1 mark: Moves against a concentration gradient

1 mark: Requires energy

1 mark: Moves through a semi-permeable membrane

1 mark: Involves cells exiting the cell

1 mark: A type of bulk transport

22
Q

What is cell compartmentalization? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: The process of forming cellular departments

23
Q

What benefits does cell compartmentalization provide eukaryotic cells? (1 mark)

A

1 mark: It increases the efficiency of processes

24
Q

Outline three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (3 marks)

A

1 mark - Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane bound organelles whilst eukaryotic cells do

1 mark - Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller in size than eukaryotic cells

1 mark - Eukaryotic cells have a more complex nature than prokaryotic cells

25
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis (2 marks)

A

1 mark - Phagocytosis
1 mark - Pinocytosis

26
Q

What molecules do phagocytosis take into the cell (1 mark)

A

1 mark - Solids

27
Q

What molecules do pinocytosis take into the cell (1 mark)

A

1 mark - Liquids

28
Q

Why are vesicles able to fuse with the plasma membrane? (1 mark)

A

1 mark - As vesicles are made of phospholipids

Biology - Unit 1 (20 decks)

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