Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

A group of glands that produce chemicals called hormones.

A

The endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Endocrine system is part of the body’s __________ system.

A

regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The endocrine system works closely with the ________ system.

A

Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The endocrine and nervous system interact especially with the _________ glands and the ________.

A

Pituitary; hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ______ controls the pituitary, which then regulates the other glands.

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormones are released directly into the ______.

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 4 functions of hormones

A

(1) regulate growth, (2) regulate metabolism, (3) reproduction, (4) behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A type of tissue acted on by a hormone is a

A

target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the 2 categories of hormones

A

(1) Amino Acids, (2) steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ _____ are made of proteins and consist of all the hormones except those that the adrenal cortex produces and sex hormones.

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Produced by the adrenal cortex, a type of liquid, and sex hormones.

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The process that keeps hormone levels at a constant level

A

Negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“The Master Gland”; located in the brain and surrounded by bone except where it connects with the hypothalamus.

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The pituitary gland is divided into 2 lobes….what are the lobes called?

A

(1) anterior, (2) posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Control of the pituitary comes from hormones released from the ________.

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormones released from the hypothalamus stimulate release from the _________ pituitary.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the 6 hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary:

A

(1) Growth Hormone (GH), (2) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), (3) ACTH, (4) Prolactin, (5) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and (6) Luteinizing Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primarily for growth of skeletal muscle and long bones

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Targets the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone T3, T4, etc.

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Production of hormones in the adrenal cortex:

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Production of breast milk:

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stimulates the development of eggs/sperm

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males and females:

A

Luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List the 2 hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary:

A

(1) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), (2) Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidneys
ADH
26
Causes uterine contractions and milk ejection.
oxytocin
27
Oxytocin operates under a _______ feedback mechanism.
Positive
28
The largest of the endocrine glands, the ________ gland is located in the neck.
Thyroid
29
The thyroid gland is divided into ____ and _____ lobes.
left and right
30
The hormones of the thyroid glands regulate _________.
metabolism
31
List the 3 hormones of the thyroid gland.
T3, T4 (thyroxine), and calcitonin
32
_________ controls calcium metabolism by decreasing the calcium circulating in the blood.
calcitonin
33
There are 4 ________ glands embedded in the thyroid gland.
parathyroid
34
The parathyroid hormone ______ is also known as _____.
PTH, calcitrol
35
Calcitrol ______ calcium in the bloodstream through _____ feedback.
increases; negative
36
PTH (Calcitrol) helps the _______ conserve calcium.
kidneys
37
List the 2 adrenal glands.
(1) Adrenal medulla (inner), (2) Adrenal cortex (outer)
38
Controls the sympathetic nervous system.
Adrenal medulla
39
The adrenal medulla controls the sympathetic nervous system through the excretion of (2)
epinephrine, norepinephrine
40
The adrenal cortex excretes 3 hormones:
(1) Glucocorticoids, (2) mineralocorticoids, and (3) sex hormones
41
The glucocorticoids help regulate protein and fat metabolism (and, subsequently, energy) through:
cortisol, anti-inflammatories
42
Regulates electrolyte balance through sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion/excretion in the _______.
mineralocorticoids, kidneys
43
The endocrine ______ is also part of the GI system and digestion.
pancreas
44
The Islets of Langerhans are divided into ______ and _____.
alpha, beta
45
The ______ Islets of Langerhans secrete ______, which raises blood sugar.
Alpha, glucagon
46
The _____ Islets of Langerhans secrete ____ which lowers blood sugar.
Beta, insulin
47
The sex glands are the ____ in females and the ____ in males.
ovaries, testes
48
The sex glands are responsible for _____ ________ and _________.
sex characteristics, development
49
The male sex hormone, _______, is excreted in the ______.
testosterone, testes
50
The female sex hormones, ________ and _____ are responsible for:
estrogen, progesterone; (1) menarche, (2) development of breasts, (3) reproductive organs, and (4) pregnancy
51
The _______ gland is located _______ to the midbrain.
pineal; posterior
52
The pineal gland produces _______ and helps in the _____/_____ cycle.
melatonin; sleep/wake
53
The _____ is located in the upper part of the chest, ______ to the heart.
thymus, superior
54
Useful in immune system, especially in young children.
Thymus gland
55
________ helps T-cells mature.
Thymosin
56
The hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the creation of red blood cells.
erythropoeiten
57
In the heart, the atria produces _____. This hormone increases the loss of salt by the kidneys to _______ blood pressure.
ANP, lower
58
Hormone-like substances derived from fatty acids are called _________.
Prostaglandins
59
Prostaglandins cause _______ processes, _______, and _______.
inflammatory, constriction, dilation
60
________ can block the effects of prostaglandins.
Aspirin
61
Prostaglandins can affect pregnancy through ______ and _____.
labor, abortion.
62
List some of the types of hormone treatments (HT) available:
(1) growth hormone, (2) insulin, (3) adrenal steroids to decrease inflammation, (4) immunosuppresants, (5) asthma and allergy treatments, (6) oxytocin to promote labor

A&P (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions