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A&P > The Blood > Flashcards

The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is considered to be a ________ tissue.

A

Connective

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2
Q

The purpose of blood:

A

(1) brings nutrients and gases to the cells, (2) pumps wastes away

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3
Q

The average male contains about ___L of blood.

A

5

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4
Q

List the 3 functions of blood.

A

(1) Transportation – gases, nutrients, waste, hormones
(2) Regulation – pH, fluid balance, heat
(3) Protection – disease, blood loss

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5
Q

List the two main components of blood:

A

(1) plasma

(2) formed elements

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6
Q

List 3 of the formed elements of blood:

A

(1) eryhtrocytes
(2) leukocytes
(3) platelets

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7
Q

Platelets are also called

A

thrombocytes

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8
Q

Plasma makes up ____% of blood.

A

50

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9
Q

Plasma is made of _____ and ______>

A

water, protein

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10
Q

List 4 proteins found in plasma.

A

(1) albumin
(2) clotting factors
(3) antibodies
(4) complements

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11
Q

Albumin is made in the ______.

A

liver

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12
Q

Which is the most abundant protein found in plasma?

A

albumin

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13
Q

aid in blood clotting

A

clotting factors

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14
Q

Substances that combat infection and are made by certain WBCs involved in immunity.

A

antibodies

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15
Q

A group of enzymes that helps antibodies.

A

Complement

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16
Q

List some other elements of plasma

A

(1) electrolytes, (2) nutrients, (3) amino acids, (4) hormones, (5) lipids, (6) waste products, (7) drugs, (8) gases.

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17
Q

_________ __________ are produced in the red bone marrow.

A

formed elements

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18
Q

Which of the formed elements are more numerous?

A

RBCs

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19
Q

RBCs contain _____ (where O2 is bound).

A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

Hemoglobin is a protein that contains _____.

A

iron

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21
Q

Low hemoglobin is also known as

A

anemia

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22
Q

RBCs can live up to _____ days.

A

120

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23
Q

The production of RBCs is regulated by ________, which is a hormone produced by the _________.

A

erythropoeiten, kidneys

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24
Q

The condition of low B12 is called

A

pernicious anemia

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25
Q

Leukocytes (WBCs) are comprised of

A

(1) granulocytes, (2) agranulocytes

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26
Q

List the 3 granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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27
Q

Which granulocyte is the most prominent and increases when fighting infection?

A

neutrophils

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28
Q

Which granulocyte is elevated during parasitic infection?

A

eosinophils

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29
Q

Which granulocyte elevates during inflammatory reactions?

A

basophils

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30
Q

Which two grandulocytes are elevated during allergic reations?

A

eosinophils and basophils

31
Q

Name the two agranulocytes.

A

(1) lymphocytes, (2) monocytes

32
Q

_______ circulate in the lymphatic system, contain the T and B cells, and are a large part of immunity.

A

lymphocytes

33
Q

______ conduct phagocytosis.

A

monocytes

34
Q

A mix of WBCs and dead and living bacteria is called ____.

A

pus

35
Q

Platelets are released from

A

megakaryocytes

36
Q

Platelets are also known as

A

thrombocytes

37
Q

Thrombocytes are essential for _____ _____ and coagulation.

A

blood loss

38
Q

Platelets live for around _____ days.

A

10

39
Q

List the 3 steps of hemostatis.

A

(1) contraction
(2) platelet plug
(3) blood clot

40
Q

the contraction of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels is also called

A

vasoconstriction

41
Q

The ______ _____ is a temporary coagulation.

A

platelet plug

42
Q

In the clotting process, the prothrombinase converts ______ to _____.

A

prothrombin, thrombin

43
Q

In the 2nd part of the clotting process, thrombin converts ________ to ________.

A

fibrinogen, fibrin

44
Q

In the last step of the clotting process, threads of ______ form a meshwork to form a clot.

A

fibrin

45
Q

Anticoagulants ______ clotting.

A

prevent

46
Q

Procoagulants ________ clotting.

A

promote

47
Q

List the 4 blood types.

A

(1) A
(2) B
(3) AB
(4) O

48
Q

The ____ blood type has the A antigen.

A

A

49
Q

The B blood type has the ____ antigen.

A

B

50
Q

The AB blood types has the ___ and ____ antigens.

A

A, B

51
Q

The ___ blood type has neither antigen.

A

O

52
Q

An _____ is anything that stimulates antibody production.

A

antigen

53
Q

____ is the universal donor.

A

O

54
Q

____ is the universal recipient.

A

AB

55
Q

Because ___ blood type has no AB atigens, it does not ___- to AB antibodies.

A

O, react

56
Q

What blood type contains no antibodies?

A

AB

57
Q

Rh + blood has the ___ antigen.

A

D

58
Q

Rh+ blood causes

A

Hemolytic Disease of the NewbornW

59
Q

Whole blood is used in ___________ situations.

A

life-threatening

60
Q

_____ is used to replace blood volume.

A

Plasma

61
Q

______ prevents circulatory shock and increases osmotic pressure.

A

Albumin

62
Q

________ _______ maintain blood fluid volume.

A

Plasma expanders

63
Q

_______ helps clotting.

A

cryoprecipitate

64
Q

_______ _______ contains antibodies to help fight off disease quickly.

A

gamma gobulin

65
Q

Measure the % of RBCs.

A

hematocrit

66
Q

Measure the # of O2-carrying cells

A

hemoglobin

67
Q

Measures the # of RBCs

A

RBC

68
Q

High RBCs is known as

A

polycythemia

69
Q

Measures the number of WBCs.

A

WBC

70
Q

Low # of WBCs is

A

leukopenia

71
Q

High # of WBCs is

A

leukocytosis

72
Q

Measure # of platelets

A

Platelet count

73
Q

A low platelet count is called _____

A

thrombocytosis

74
Q

List some of the things a blood chemistry panel can test:

A

electrolytes, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase, kidney function

A&P (15 decks)

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