The Blood Flashcards
Blood is considered to be a ________ tissue.
Connective
The purpose of blood:
(1) brings nutrients and gases to the cells, (2) pumps wastes away
The average male contains about ___L of blood.
5
List the 3 functions of blood.
(1) Transportation – gases, nutrients, waste, hormones
(2) Regulation – pH, fluid balance, heat
(3) Protection – disease, blood loss
List the two main components of blood:
(1) plasma
(2) formed elements
List 3 of the formed elements of blood:
(1) eryhtrocytes
(2) leukocytes
(3) platelets
Platelets are also called
thrombocytes
Plasma makes up ____% of blood.
50
Plasma is made of _____ and ______>
water, protein
List 4 proteins found in plasma.
(1) albumin
(2) clotting factors
(3) antibodies
(4) complements
Albumin is made in the ______.
liver
Which is the most abundant protein found in plasma?
albumin
aid in blood clotting
clotting factors
Substances that combat infection and are made by certain WBCs involved in immunity.
antibodies
A group of enzymes that helps antibodies.
Complement
List some other elements of plasma
(1) electrolytes, (2) nutrients, (3) amino acids, (4) hormones, (5) lipids, (6) waste products, (7) drugs, (8) gases.
_________ __________ are produced in the red bone marrow.
formed elements
Which of the formed elements are more numerous?
RBCs
RBCs contain _____ (where O2 is bound).
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein that contains _____.
iron
Low hemoglobin is also known as
anemia
RBCs can live up to _____ days.
120
The production of RBCs is regulated by ________, which is a hormone produced by the _________.
erythropoeiten, kidneys
The condition of low B12 is called
pernicious anemia
Leukocytes (WBCs) are comprised of
(1) granulocytes, (2) agranulocytes
List the 3 granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Which granulocyte is the most prominent and increases when fighting infection?
neutrophils
Which granulocyte is elevated during parasitic infection?
eosinophils
Which granulocyte elevates during inflammatory reactions?
basophils
Which two grandulocytes are elevated during allergic reations?
eosinophils and basophils
Name the two agranulocytes.
(1) lymphocytes, (2) monocytes
_______ circulate in the lymphatic system, contain the T and B cells, and are a large part of immunity.
lymphocytes
______ conduct phagocytosis.
monocytes
A mix of WBCs and dead and living bacteria is called ____.
pus
Platelets are released from
megakaryocytes
Platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
Thrombocytes are essential for _____ _____ and coagulation.
blood loss
Platelets live for around _____ days.
10
List the 3 steps of hemostatis.
(1) contraction
(2) platelet plug
(3) blood clot
the contraction of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels is also called
vasoconstriction
The ______ _____ is a temporary coagulation.
platelet plug
In the clotting process, the prothrombinase converts ______ to _____.
prothrombin, thrombin
In the 2nd part of the clotting process, thrombin converts ________ to ________.
fibrinogen, fibrin
In the last step of the clotting process, threads of ______ form a meshwork to form a clot.
fibrin
Anticoagulants ______ clotting.
prevent
Procoagulants ________ clotting.
promote
List the 4 blood types.
(1) A
(2) B
(3) AB
(4) O
The ____ blood type has the A antigen.
A
The B blood type has the ____ antigen.
B
The AB blood types has the ___ and ____ antigens.
A, B
The ___ blood type has neither antigen.
O
An _____ is anything that stimulates antibody production.
antigen
____ is the universal donor.
O
____ is the universal recipient.
AB
Because ___ blood type has no AB atigens, it does not ___- to AB antibodies.
O, react
What blood type contains no antibodies?
AB
Rh + blood has the ___ antigen.
D
Rh+ blood causes
Hemolytic Disease of the NewbornW
Whole blood is used in ___________ situations.
life-threatening
_____ is used to replace blood volume.
Plasma
______ prevents circulatory shock and increases osmotic pressure.
Albumin
________ _______ maintain blood fluid volume.
Plasma expanders
_______ helps clotting.
cryoprecipitate
_______ _______ contains antibodies to help fight off disease quickly.
gamma gobulin
Measure the % of RBCs.
hematocrit
Measure the # of O2-carrying cells
hemoglobin
Measures the # of RBCs
RBC
High RBCs is known as
polycythemia
Measures the number of WBCs.
WBC
Low # of WBCs is
leukopenia
High # of WBCs is
leukocytosis
Measure # of platelets
Platelet count
A low platelet count is called _____
thrombocytosis
List some of the things a blood chemistry panel can test:
electrolytes, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase, kidney function
