Ch. 14: Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation Flashcards
List the 5 groups of blood vessels.
(1) Arteries
(2) Arterioles
(3) Capillaries
(4) Venules
(5) Veins
These carry blood away from the heart and toward the tissues. Carries oxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary artery.
Arteries
These pump blood into the arteries.
Ventricles
These are small subdivisions of the arteries and carry blood into the capillaries.
Arterioles
These are tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow for exchanges between systems.
Capillaries
Capillaries connect _____ with the ________.
arterioles, venules
These are formed by the merger of the venules and continue blood’s transport until is returned to the heart.
Veins
The _______ circuit delivers blood to the lungs where carbon dioxide is diminshed and oxygen is replenished.
pulmonary
The pulmonary circuit delivers to the heart via the _____ and ______ pulmonary arteries.
left, right
Describe the flow through the pulmonary circuit.
Left atrium –> ventricle –> body
The _______ circuit serves the body with blood loaded with oxygen.
systemic
List the three major components of the systemic circuit.
aorta, systemic capillaries, and systemic veins
The ____ are the largest vessels and receive blood from the left ventricle.
aorta
The _____ ______ exchanges materials between vessels.
systemic capillaries
The _______ _______ carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava.
systemic veins
List the 3 tunics of the arteries.
(1) endothelium
(2) middle tunic
(3) outer tunic
The _____ tunic is made of smooth, involuntary muscle under control of the ANS.
middle
The ________ tunic has a smooth surface over which the blood flows easily.
Endothelium (inner)
The _______ tunic is made of supporting connective tisse.
outer
Capillaries are about ____ cell thick.
one
Capillaries are the primary location where O2 and CO2 _______ take place.
exchange
_______ are formed by the union of capillaries.
Venules
______ enable blood to travel one way.
valves
The ______ is the largest artery at about 1” in diameter.
aorta
The aorta receives blood from the ____ ventricle.
left
The _______ aorta is near the heart and inside the pericardial sac.
ascending
The _______ _______ curves from the right to left and extends posteriorly.
aortic arch
The _______ aorta is part of the descending aorta that goes behind the heart and in front of the ______ ___.
thoracic
spinal cord
The abdominal aorta starts at the _______.
diaphragm
List the 3 parts of the aortic arch.
(1) brachiocephalic
(2) Left common carotid
(3) Left subclavian
The brachiocephalic branch of the aortic arch is further divided into:
(1) right subclavian
(2) right common carotid
The brachiocephalic branch runs on the _____ side of the head.
right
The _______ ______ feeds the right upper extremity.
right subclavian
The _____ ______ ______ feeds the neck, head, and brain.
right common carotid
The _____ _______ ______ feeds the left side of the neck and head.
left common carotid
The _____ ______ feeds the left upper extremities.
left subclavian
List the areas supplied by the descending aorta:
(1) chest wall and muscles
(2) espophagus
(3) bronchii
(4) lungs
The descending aorta is also known as the ______ aorta.
thoracic
The _______ arteries supply the ribs.
intercostal
The ________ aorta has unpaired and paired branches.
abdominal
The unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta make up the ______ trunk.
Celiac
List the 3 truncks of the abdominal aorta:
(1) Celiac
(2) Superior mesenteric
(3) Inferior mesenteric
The Celiac trunk is further divided into:
(1) gastric
(2) splenic
(3) hepatic
The ________ mesenteric supplies the small intestines
superior
The ________ mesenteric supplies the large intestines.
inferior
List the 4 paired branches of the abdominal aorta.
(1) phrenic (superior and inferior)
(2) renal
(3) gonadal
(4) lumbar
The auperior and inferior phrenic arteries supply blood t0 the ________
diaphragm
The ____ arteries supply blood to the kidneys.
renal
The _____ arteries supply blood to the sex organs.
gonadal
The ______ arteries supply blood to the the abdominal wall.
lumbar
The _______ ______ supports the pelvic cavity (with the exception of the sex organs) and the lower extremeties.
Iliac arteries
The _______ iliac artery sends branches to the pelvic organs.
Internal
The _____ iliac artery sends branches to the thigh, popliteal, tibial, dorsalis pedis, and fibular areas.
External
List the two arteries that branch into the arm and head.
(1) Carotid
(2) Subclavian
The ______ carotid artery goes into the head and branches to eyes & anterior brain.
internal
The external carotid artery branches to the
arm, hands
The ________ artery supplies the arms and hands.
subclavian
List the divisions of the subclavian artery:
(1) vertebral
(2) axillaRY
(3) brachial
(4) radial
(5) ulnar
A _______ is a “communication” between two vessels.
anastamosis
List 4 examples of anastamoses:
(1) Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle)
(2) superficial palmar arch
(3) mesenteric
(4) deep plantar arch
List the superficial systemic veins:
(1) cephalic
(2) basilic
(3) median cubital
(4) saphenous
What part of the body do the median cubital veins,and the basilic veins supplY?
hand
What part of the body do the saphenous veins supply?
lower extremities
List the two deep veins.
(1) Jugular
(2) The venae cavae
The ___ jugular drans the head, face, and neck.
internal
The _____ jugular drains the external carotid artery area.
external
The interior and exterior jugular drain into the ______.
Subclavian
The ______ ______ collect O2 poor blood from the head and extremities and carry it to the _____ atrium.
venae cavae, right
The blood needs an extra filtering system. This system is called the
hepatic portal system
To move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration:
diffusion
The lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide at the ________ level
capillary
List two ways that circulation is accomplished without the mechanics of the heart.
(1) vasoconstriction
(2) vasodialation
List the 3 mechanisms through which blood returns to the heart
(1) contraction
(2) valves
(3) breathing
________ is the main way that blood is returned from the legs.
Contraction
The pulse is the ________ of contraction in the ventricles.
force
_______ _______ is the force exerted against the vessel walls.
blood pressure
List 4 things that affect blood pressure
(1) total blood volume
(2) cardiac output
(3) blood flow resistance
(4) vessel compliance (elasticity)
