Ch. 15: The Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
List 3 functions of the Lymphatic System.
(1) Fluid balance
(2) Protection
(3) Absorption of fats
List the parts of the lymphatic system.
(1) lymph fluid
(2) lymph vessels
(3) spleen
(4) thymus gland
(5) appendix
(6) lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, lymph modules
(7) tonsils
A clear fluid formed from plasma found in the lymph system.
lymph
The one-cell thick _______ serve the same function in the lymph system as in the circulatory system….the _____ of fluids.
capillaries, exchange
The capillaries drain or pass through the lymph ______.
nodes
List the two types of lymph ducts.
(1) lymphatic
(2) thoracic
The ______ ducts starts at the right ______ quadrant and empties into the right ________.
lymphatic, superior, subclavian
The _______ ducts empty the ______ into the _____ subclavian.
thoracic
left
Lymph ______ filter pathogens and can be tender to the touch.
nodes
These are small, round, and often found in groups along the passageways of the lymph vessels usually cusltered around areas that are open to the outside.
Lymph nodes
_______ “eat” foreign materials or pathogens.
Microphages
List the 5 main groups of lymph nodes:
(1) cervical
(2) axillary
(3) trachiobrachial
(4) mesenteric
(5) inguinal
Located in the left upper quad, the _____ filters blood and also serves as a reservoir for blood.
spleen
Two cells found in the spleen.
(1) phagocytes
(2) lymphocytes
In newborns, the spleen is responsible for producing _________________?
red blood cells
When the spleen destroys old red blood cells, the iron is carried back to the liver by way of the ______________________.
hepatic portal system
The spleen contains ________ cells that produce antibodies to foreign antigens.
plasma
The spleen can store _______ and then destroy them when no longer needed.
platelets
Located in the chest, the ______ is longer during childhood and shrinks as a person ages.
thymus
The thymus creates ____ cells and produces ______.
T, thymosin
____ cells help to recognize antigens and fight off infections.
T
These are a lymphoid tissue very prone to infection and that can be a reservoir for infection.
tonsils
List the three types of tonsils and where they are located.
(1) Palatine – back of the throat
(2) Pharyngeal – behind the nasal cavity – AKA adenoides
(3) Lingual – under the tongue
List 3 types of other lymphoid tissue.
(1) appendix
(2) M.A.L.T. – mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (lining of body cavities that are open to the “outside.”)
(3) Peyer patches – In the mucous membranes of the GI tract
All of the defenses that protect us against disease.
immunity
______ immunity: response is always the same because it doesn’t “remember” or become more efficient with repeated exposure.
Nonspecific
This type of immunity is innate and inherited.
Nonspecific
Nonspecific immunity includes
barriers, cellular and metabolic responses
The first line of defense include
barriers (chemical and mechanical)
List some types of barriers
skin, fatty acids, hydrochloric acid
Another type of first line of defense is
reflexes
List 3 types of 2nd line of defense
(1) Phagocytosis
(2) Natural Killer (NK) cells
(3) Inflammation
During _________, WBCs become abundant and destroy (or attempt to) pathogens.
phagocytosis
These are large WBCs.
macrophages
These are located in the liver.
Kupffer cells
These are in the lungs.
Dust cells.
__________________ cells can recognize body cells with abnormal membranes and can kill on contact.
NK (natural killer) cells.
List the 4 steps to inflammation:
(1) heat
(2) redness
(3) swelling
(4) pain
_________ is a nonspecific response to an irritant and can happen in anything from friction to gaping wounds.
Inflammation
