Ch. 15: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

List 3 functions of the Lymphatic System.

Answer 1

(1) Fluid balance
(2) Protection
(3) Absorption of fats

Question 2

List the parts of the lymphatic system.

Answer 2

(1) lymph fluid
(2) lymph vessels
(3) spleen
(4) thymus gland
(5) appendix
(6) lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, lymph modules
(7) tonsils

Question 3

A clear fluid formed from plasma found in the lymph system.

Answer 3

lymph

Question 4

The one-cell thick _______ serve the same function in the lymph system as in the circulatory system….the _____ of fluids.

Answer 4

capillaries, exchange

Question 5

The capillaries drain or pass through the lymph ______.

Answer 5

nodes

Question 6

List the two types of lymph ducts.

Answer 6

(1) lymphatic

(2) thoracic

Question 7

The ______ ducts starts at the right ______ quadrant and empties into the right ________.

Answer 7

lymphatic, superior, subclavian

Question 8

The _______ ducts empty the ______ into the _____ subclavian.

Answer 8

thoracic

left

Question 9

Lymph ______ filter pathogens and can be tender to the touch.

Answer 9

nodes

Question 10

These are small, round, and often found in groups along the passageways of the lymph vessels usually cusltered around areas that are open to the outside.

Answer 10

Lymph nodes

Question 11

_______ “eat” foreign materials or pathogens.

Answer 11

Microphages

Question 12

List the 5 main groups of lymph nodes:

Answer 12

(1) cervical
(2) axillary
(3) trachiobrachial
(4) mesenteric
(5) inguinal

Question 13

Located in the left upper quad, the _____ filters blood and also serves as a reservoir for blood.

Answer 13

spleen

Question 14

Two cells found in the spleen.

Answer 14

(1) phagocytes

(2) lymphocytes

Question 15

In newborns, the spleen is responsible for producing _________________?

Answer 15

red blood cells

Question 16

When the spleen destroys old red blood cells, the iron is carried back to the liver by way of the ______________________.

Answer 16

hepatic portal system

Question 17

The spleen contains ________ cells that produce antibodies to foreign antigens.

Answer 17

plasma

Question 18

The spleen can store _______ and then destroy them when no longer needed.

Answer 18

platelets

Question 19

Located in the chest, the ______ is longer during childhood and shrinks as a person ages.

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

The thymus creates ____ cells and produces ______.

Answer 20

T, thymosin

Question 21

____ cells help to recognize antigens and fight off infections.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

These are a lymphoid tissue very prone to infection and that can be a reservoir for infection.

Answer 22

tonsils

Question 23

List the three types of tonsils and where they are located.

Answer 23

(1) Palatine – back of the throat
(2) Pharyngeal – behind the nasal cavity – AKA adenoides
(3) Lingual – under the tongue

Question 24

List 3 types of other lymphoid tissue.

Answer 24

(1) appendix
(2) M.A.L.T. – mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (lining of body cavities that are open to the “outside.”)
(3) Peyer patches – In the mucous membranes of the GI tract

Question 25

All of the defenses that protect us against disease.

Answer 25

immunity

Question 26

______ immunity: response is always the same because it doesn’t “remember” or become more efficient with repeated exposure.

Answer 26

Nonspecific

Question 27

This type of immunity is innate and inherited.

Answer 27

Nonspecific

Question 28

Nonspecific immunity includes

Answer 28

barriers, cellular and metabolic responses

Question 29

The first line of defense include

Answer 29

barriers (chemical and mechanical)

Question 30

List some types of barriers

Answer 30

skin, fatty acids, hydrochloric acid

Question 31

Another type of first line of defense is

Answer 31

reflexes

Question 32

List 3 types of 2nd line of defense

Answer 32

(1) Phagocytosis
(2) Natural Killer (NK) cells
(3) Inflammation

Question 33

During _________, WBCs become abundant and destroy (or attempt to) pathogens.

Answer 33

phagocytosis

Question 34

These are large WBCs.

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

These are located in the liver.

Answer 35

Kupffer cells

Question 36

These are in the lungs.

Answer 36

Dust cells.

Question 37

__________________ cells can recognize body cells with abnormal membranes and can kill on contact.

Answer 37

NK (natural killer) cells.

Question 38

List the 4 steps to inflammation:

Answer 38

(1) heat
(2) redness
(3) swelling
(4) pain

Question 39

_________ is a nonspecific response to an irritant and can happen in anything from friction to gaping wounds.

Answer 39

Inflammation